Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway

6. What is the mechanisms of the acupuncture? In other words, what parts of CNS activated and/or deactivated? (2pts) 1) Acupuncture activates structures of descending anti-nociceptive pathway and 2) deactivates multiple limbic area subserving pain association. 7. What is the effects of opiates and opioids on nociceptor signal transmission? (2pts) Opiates 1) decrease the duration of the postsynaptic potential, probably by reducing 〖Ca〗^(2+) influx and thus decreasing the release of transmitter from the primary sensory terminals. 2) Hyperpolarize the dorsal horn neurons by activating a K^+conductance and thus decrease the amplitude of the post synaptic potential in the dorsal neuron. 8. What is the “Gate Theory” of pain by Melzack and Wall? (1pt) The firing of neurons in the cord responsible for pain is a balance between the nociceptive input and the activity of non-pain input to the cord. 9. How many nuclei in the gray mater? And what is a role of Clarke’s nucleus? (2pts) 1) There are 6 nuclei in the gray mater 2) Clarke’s nucleus is a relay center for unconscious…