Positivism

Forestry Supervisor It was 1997 when I first started working in Tribal Forestry for the Yakama Nation. Tribal Forestry is comprised of the Forest Development Crew, Fire Management Crew, Fuels Crew, and the Timber Stand Examiners whom all help manage the Yakama Nation’s forested area. All the crews combined have around 100 people whom are Foresters, Fire Fighters, Tree Fallers, Tree Markers, Heavy Equipment Operators, and the supervisors. The employees come together to form a cross-functional…

New Archaeology came out of the rising importance of modern thought and the improvement of scientific philosophy and advancements of other scientific disciplines (Trigger 2006). One key theme of processual thought was the use of Hempel’s logical positivism; a highly empirical philosophy asserting that there are certain truths that are knowable and human knowledge is based on logical inferences drawn from these observable facts (Barrett 1967; Johnson 2010; Price 2007). Processual archaeologists…

This essay will aim to distinguish whether freedom and equality are derived from natural moral principles or whether modern political institutions created them. To determine this, freedom, equality and natural moral principles must be defined. Freedom should be one’s physical actions, which are free from influence and physically free to do what one wants; equality should be the state of being equal in terms of rights and sharing the same responsibility as members of the modern society; natural…

1. What are commonsense knowledge and myths, and how are they different from sociological knowledge? Common sense knowledge is usually generalizations. Common sense observations are not subjected to the strict forms of testing that is necessary for valid sociological explanations. Myths are stories of people explaining natural or social phenomenon involving supernatural events or beings. Myths are also widely held false beliefs or ideas. Sociological knowledge usually start with a theory that…

III. Heresy “Even today,” writes Burnham, “Langeudoc’s best-known products – besides wine – are heretics, and dominant in both contemporary and historical accounts are the Cathars.” The “Cathar” heresy has continued to dominate the scene in the study of medieval heresy whether one elects to believe in their existence or not. There is no doubt to any of the scholars under examination here that heresy was real to the Latin Christian intellectuals who charged many souls to being heretics. Indeed,…

Quantitative Methods The quantitative research question to be examined is looking at an individual’s personal experience with changes in occupations. Quantitative methods that could be utilized to answer this question are non-experimental designs / ex post facto, experimental and developmental research Non-experimental / ex post facto methods are used when the independent variable cannot be controlled or manipulated (Smith & Davis 2015). An appropriate method of data collection for this…

Important thinkers such as Bentham and Beccaria revised the theory of rational choice theory within the 17th century which saw the history of the European movement, the Enlightenment, which was heavily influenced by these thinkers. The enlightenment entailed of the conception of reason and rationality when discussing such things as criminality or even religion. Beccaria was specifically known as a criminologist due to his large input into rational theory and deterrence. The act of rational…

INTRODUCTION John Finnis commences his analysis with a defence of naturalist jurisprudence and then offers new insights into what positivism is and what is its relationship with natural law theories. He convincingly and forcefully shows that positivists opposition to natural law is redundant because what positivsts see as realities to be affirmed are already affirmed by natural law theory, and what they describe as illusions to be affirmed are not part of natural law. John Finnis work is urging…

quantitative research. Females adopt a more ethnographic point of view when studying crime. They covet an experiential knowledge to achieve a more clear focus on women’s experiences. Their ethnomethodology was promoted within feminism to attack the positivism as the dominant methodology. Female research is mainly concerned with women as perpetrators or crime, victims of crime and women within the criminal justice…

A rational’s approach, to achieve this, would be to have a clear mind like a blank sheet and clear all preconceptions. In this way, the society will be a ‘tabula rasa’ i.e. it starts afresh by clearing the old fallacies, preconceptions and prejudices aspiring to achieve good laws by training and tempering the ‘empty mind’. Since a rationalist’s mind is skeptical his political approach is the “assimilation of politics to engineering.” Thus, a rationalist would be an engineer who revamps the…