Organ transplant

The shortage of transplantable donor organs has profound consequences, especially for patients with end-stage lung disease, for which transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. Although advances in ex vivo lung perfusion have enabled the evaluation and reconditioning of marginally unacceptable donor lungs, clinical use of the technique is limited to ~6 h. Extending the duration of extracorporeal organ support from hours to days would enable longer recovery and recipient-specific…

the demand for kidney transplants is snowballing day by day. Because of a scarcity of organ donors to meet this requisite, stem cell treatment for kidney failure materialize as a hope to cure thousands of patients as a substitute treatment. How does a kidney failure occur? Our kidneys are designed to inhibit toxins build up in our bodies. Kidneys help confiscate lots of waste, cleaning our bodies from within so that no detrimental toxins and compounds destroy our vital organs. Our kidneys also…

Rejection cannot be completely prevented; however, a degree of immune tolerance to the transplant does develop. Several concepts have been postulated to explain the development of partial tolerance. They include clonal deletion and the development of anergy in donor specific lymphocytes, development of suppressor lymphocytes, or factors that down-regulate the immune response against the graft. Other hypotheses include the persistence of donor-derived dendritic cells in the recipient that promote…

Biomedical scientists study and perform experiments on animals such as rats, mice, reptiles, chimpanzees, and many others for ailments that ultimately cause death. An animal’s internal systems and organs closely resemble humans in complexity and vital functions such as breathing, reproduction, and digestion, so scientists understand how it will affect the human body and life cycle. While petri dish studies are available using human cells and could prevent what the Humane Society considers…

Xenotransplantation is the process of transplanting or grafting organs and tissue between different species. As you’re transplanting a foreign organ not from the same species as you, this has many social and biological implications. Including the fact that there’s could be new viruses and pathogens passed over between species with the potential to cause a mass epidemic and kill of many members of a species. Also this procedure although been around for a long time it hasn’t had a very high…

At first, the surgeon had to check for any defects and repair them; I remember him saying it’s either a straight forward case or a complicated one. Ours was the second type of transplant. It was mesmerizing and breathtaking to see how the kidney became viable and pinkish after he connected it to the external iliac artery and vein. I enjoyed observing the surgeon while checking for any bleeding at the suture lines to make sure everything…

green light in having the transplantation of a baboon heart performed. But unlike science fiction novels, the procedure, called xenotransplantation—which involves transplanting nonhuman cells, tissues or organs into humans—did not succeed entirely. Baby Fae died in twenty one days, rejecting the organ she was transplanted with (Pence, 2008). Xenotransplantation is a murky subject, in which it has great potential to save lives, as well…

fungi. CGD is characterised by severe repeated microorganism and fungous infections and dysregulated inflammatory response leading to granuloma formation and different inflammatory disorders like colitis. Infections usually involve the respiratory organ , lymph nodes, liver, bone , and skin ; granulomas generally involve the urinary system (bladder) and gastrointestinal tract (often the orifice at the start, and later the passage, jejunum, ileum, cecum, rectum, and perirectal area). CGD…

1.3.1 Hyperacute rejection Hyperacute rejection occurs immediately after transplantation, typically within minutes to hours. It is due to the presence of preformed antibodies in the recipient’s serum which are either directed against donor HLA antigens (referred to as DSAs) or ABO blood group antigens located on the graft endothelium {Chan:2000ui, Howell:2010fg, Overviewoftranspla:2013ty, ImmunologicAspects:2002tn}. Following anastomosis and blood flow into the graft, the antibodies bind to…

Watch the movie and answer the following questions: a) Describe ethical issues portrayed in this movie. And the Band Played On, by Randy Shilts portrayed about the discovery of HIV and AIDS since 1997. The death of an actor, Rock Hudson caused by AIDS had turned the world attention towards HIV and AIDS. Four communities had mentioned in this movie are gay community, the medical community, the political and governmental community, and the media. Each community portrayed different role in this…