Molecular mass

Assignment 3.05 DNA DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the stuff in humans and almost all other organisms. About every cell in you and everyone else's body has the same DNA. DNA is usually located in the cell nucleus (nuclear DNA),however small amounts of DNA can be found in the mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). The DNA has information stored as a code created by four chemical bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Each base is connected to a sugar molecule and…

The hypothesis of the experiment was that the molecular weight of N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase would be around 28,000 kDa but to determine the molecular weight the concept of SDS-PAGE had to be understood. The movement of any charged particle through an electric field is determined by its net charge, its molecular radius and the magnitude of the applied field (7). Being that natively folded proteins are not molecular weight dependent, the proteins would be traveling at different speeds in an…

The first step in phage infection is the attachment of the phage to the host cell surface. This is typically accomplished by the recognition of a receptor on the outside of the bacterial cell wall such as an antigen, pilus or other structure. There is much variability from phage to phage in terms of which receptor they bind to. Bacteriophage can generally be classified into two categories, lysogenic and lytic (virulent) (Fig 6). The choice between the lytic and lysogenic cycle depends on the…

Electrophoresis; Separation of Proteins Purpose: To create an electrophoresis gel in order to further separate Cytochrome C, Myoglobin, Albumin and Hemoglobin(proteins) based off of their net charges. Materials: • Rabbit hemoglobin • Serum albumin(cow) • Myoglobin • Cytochrome C • Microtubes • Tape • Micropipets • Agarose gel • Buffer • Gel chamber • Test tubes • Test tube holders • Gloves • Macropipets Properties of Proteins: Protein Color Isoelectric Point Net Change at pH 8.6 Cytochrome C…

In 1969, Thomas Brock and Hudson Freeze of Indiana University discovered a new bacteria species in the Yellow Stone Park, that scientist thought it could not survive above 55 degrees Celsius. Thermus aquaticus is a typical gram-negative bacterium, meaning that its cell walls contain much less peptidoglycan and unlike gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria contain lipoproteins. T. aquaticus appears as either a rod or short filaments. When exposed to sunlight, it can exhibit a yellow, pink…

It has been proven that yeast can grow on both YPD and SD plates. In this lab we cross several yeast strains through the process called replica plating. For this identification test only one dominant allele is required. One copy of each gene is essential to produce enough of each enzyme needed in order to make a histidine. Through the study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae we prove that by transferring yeast cells onto YPD and SD plates over a period of 24-72 hours in a thirty degrees Celsius…

used to separate molecules solely based on their size. The concept behind this technique is quite simple and effective to determine the molecular weight of some molecules, specifically proteins, and to separate the components of a mixture. The procedure…

Today, the 1953 discovery of the double helix, “the twisted-ladder structure” of DNA, by James Watson and Francis Crick, constitutes one of the greatest breakthroughs in the history of science. The discovery has given rise to the molecular biology of today and generated new insights into genetic coding upon which today’s multi-billion dollar biotechnology industry is founded. It laid the groundwork for other scientific achievements, including modern forensics and the mapping of the human…

Illustration of sexduction in E. coli using streptomycin resistant F-lac- recipients and F′lac+ donors Abstract The process in which DNA from a donor cell is transferred through physical contact into a recipient cell is known as conjugation. In the experiment, sexduction, a cross between F′ and F- plasmids, was demonstrated by mixing the donor and recipient, diluting them and using selective plating methods. The plasmids from the donor, recipient and transconjugant were isolated and analyzed…

Genetic transformation is an important method, in molecular biology and genetic engineering, for transferring DNA amongst a variety of organisms. In Lab five, my lab partners and I used calcium chloride to make the bacterium cell walls more permeable and a heat shocking method to introduce the pGLO plasmid in the E.coli bacterium so that they may exhibit ampicillin resistance. The Goal of the experiment was to observe whether or not, given one of the four specific conditions, the pGLO plasmid…