Molecular orbital

Introduction Molecular orbital theory allows for the relation between the nature of chemical bonds and the properties of molecules.1 Many times, the frontier molecular orbitals, named HOMO and LUMO, are analyzed in order to predict these properties. In this lab, each double bond corresponds to a molecular orbital. The HOMO, or highest occupied molecular orbital is the most energetic (highest n-value) orbital that contains an electron. The n-value is equal to the number of double bonds present. The orbital that corresponds to the first excited state is referred to as the LUMO, or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. The transition of an electron from the HOMO orbital to the LUMO orbital is the transition that requires the least amount of energy.…

Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT): The VBT has two most serious limitations that electrons in molecules are treated as though they are localised and behave almost as they did in isolated atoms. This means that the VBT retains the individuality of the atoms composing molecule. The problem can be resolved by introducing the resonance theory, but with the loss of the original valence bond model. Hund[ 173], Mulliken[ 174], Van Vleck[175], Helsenberg[176], Jones[ 177] and others suggested an alternate…

Mo's story began on a Friday afternoon a few weeks ago. Which of course at the time, Mo believed Friday to be the start of a normal weekend, but she was wrong. Now, I am not saying her weekend was awful, but it did run awry. The plan was to travel to her father's house in Dixon, which is about two hours away from Bloomington-Normal. She had already said goodbye to her mother and step-father, on the grounds of the fact that they had left to celebrate their anniversary. The couple planned on…

Imagine never seeing the sun, sky, or nature. In the novel Tunnels by co-authors Roderick Gordon and Brian Williams, a boy named Will Burrows stumbles upon an underground Victorian era city, named the Colony. Will finds the underground city while looking for his father who recently went missing. After being captured by the civilians of the underground city (also known as colonists), he discovers that his dad, also known as Mr. Burrows was captured by the colonists and was banished deeper into…

A few summers back, my family and I took a trip out to Flagler Beach, Florida, not too far from Daytona. A few days into the vacation, the girls had gone out for a shopping trip, so, because there was a slight drizzle, my Dad and I decided to just chill out and watch some TV until the weather decided to calm down. This was a vacation that will never be forgotten. My ears perk up as I notice the quieting of the rain against the window. I get up and walk over, pushing the roughly sewn curtain to…

We finally breeze in our way toward the beach, as we are en route to the destination of peace, calmness and tranquility. We walked out of the car, where we picked our many items and backpack full of cloths. We ran towards the beach, which was a beautiful sight to see such a heavenly experience. As we found a resting ground, Devasree soon persuade me to walk with her in the sandy beach alone. I eventually agreed and we walked in the sandy beach, her hand gracefully locked into mine walking side…

electrons surrounding the nucleus, organized in orbitals. There are 29 protons in the nucleus, however the number of neutrons is dependent of the carbon isotope being described. There are different types of copper atoms containing different numbers of neutrons, however the number of protons and electrons will always stay the same. There are two stable isotopes of copper: 63Cu and 65Cu. There are 34 neutrons and 29 electrons and protons in isotope 63Cu, and the atomic mass is approximately 63u.…

With this how does the search field get narrowed down, for space is rather large? Calculations for everything from mean motion resonances to resonant orbital geometry constraints, then take the planets mass and put it all together to eliminate locations that the planet could not be. Those eliminations help narrow down the areas of space that need to be considered based on where the planet needs to be to alter the path the eKBOs orbit the Sun. For an in-depth look at the mathematics behind…

It was a particularly cold, frisky night in Saturn. We have been in the rings of Saturn on our enemies ship for god knows how long. Our commander, Cayde, at tower Earth sent the Fireteam to Saturn to capture the Taken King. The Taken King, was the biggest plague the system has ever seen. If the Fireteam shut down the Taken King, they ended all of the battle between the Taken and the Vanguards that took place all over the Solar System. It was the Hunter, Titan, and the Warlock. They were…

naturally between A and T and between C and G. The final piece of evidence that solidified their findings was when Watson determined that the bases A and T were always equal as were for C and G. The A-T and C-G pairing gave three ring structures that held the strands of the double helix together falling in line with the atomic dimensions of the DNA molecule obtained from photo 51. Thus, the model of the double helix came into being providing the world with a structure for DNA. Marshall…