Magnesium hydroxide

an IG2 chemistry student. He has to his disposal, in the chemistry lab, the chemicals sodium chloride, in both chip and powdered form, and hydrochloric acid. Michael decides to mix the two substances by pouring the hydrochloric acid on the sodium hydroxide in both states chip and powder form. Michael does not have an aim or reason for doing this so his intentions are unknown. Michael gives a possible outcome or hypothesis that as soon as the hydrochloric acid is added the chips of sodium…

Discussion Graph 1 displays the reaction time (in minutes) of how long it took for the Alka-Seltzer tablet to completely dissolve per trial. Graph 2 displays the averages of the reaction time which showed the higher the water temperature is, the faster the reaction time would be. At 65⁰C the average time for the Alka-Seltzer to completely dissolve was 1 minute 4 seconds followed by 1 minute 20 seconds at 35⁰C and ending with the highest average at 2 minutes 1 second (1.61). The hypothesis…

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, limiting equivalent conductance (Λ0), ion association, activation energy and thermodynamic functions. Introduction: The measurement of electrical conductivities of dilute solutions of salts or complexes is considered to be one of the important methods for studying the ion-pair or multiple- ion association not only in aqueous solutions but also in non-aqueous or mixed ones 1-4. Also, conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the hydration free energy of some…

glycerol and fatty acids. The saponification value or saponification number is the amount of alkali needed to saponify the given quantity of fat or oil, expressed as mg potassium hydroxide to saponify 1 g of the sample. In this experiment, the researchers used chemicals such as ethanol, hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phenolphthalein indicator. Laboratory Apparatuses and Equipment such as 650 mm long Air (reflux) condenser, 250 ml beakers, Buchner funnel, boiling beads,…

Analysis of aspirin tablets Purpose: Determine the percentage of 2-ethanoylhydroxybenzoic acid in aspirin tablets. Introduction (including background information) : Before creating Aspirin, “sail alba” was used. In 1860’s, chemists discovered that Salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid, C7H6O3 ) is the active acid in sail alba. Salicylic acid is relatively strong though. It can irritate and damage the stomach membranes and mouth. In 1889, ethanoate ester of salicylic acid was introduced by the…

In this case methyl orange can be used as the indicator, pH arc being 3,1...4,4, or methyl red, pH arc being 4,4...6,2. If the pH value is bigger than the arc then the indicators will give a yellow colour to the solution, if smaller then a red colour. Total hardness is the sum of amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and is determined via complex-titration. Here is the stoichiometric point found by using different complex ions with different colours. The solution is titrated with…

Chemical reactions can be categorized based on the release or absorption of energy. For instance, chemical reactions that release energy are known as exothermic reactions and have a positive change in enthalpy. Moreover, chemical reactions that absorb energy are endothermic, which have a negative change in enthalpy. Since the energy released is usually heat, keeping track of the heat flow in reactions will help determine the change in enthalpy of a reaction. Observing the measurement of heat…

reactions of the chemical reactions that each compound undertook. The four following acids and bases were used to predict when a set amount of reactant would reach equilibrium: Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid), NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), and Ba(OH)2 (Barium hydroxide). An unbalanced equation of each reaction was given so the balanced equation was then able to be calculated. These are as follows including the theoretical ratio between the acid and base: HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl…

acetate and hydrochloric acid do not mix then the caffeine is separated from the paracetamol and ethyl acetate mixture. The aqueous layer is separated into a conical flask and then into a clean separating funnel to which sufficient amount of sodium hydroxide solution is added until the solution is alkali to universal paper. This allows for the caffeine to be restored to a neutral charge, then 10cm3 of ethyl acetate is added which is soluble in caffeine but immiscible to the aqueous layer…

Pure Copper Iodide were synthesised and the mass percentage of Copper in purified Copper (I) Iodide sample were determined by applying Beer’s Law in UV-Vis spectroscopy. Absorbance value of Cu-cuprizone solution was measured. Using the absorbance value of 0.3576 , the concentration of the Cu-cuprizone solution were obtained at 0.001389g/L with reference to the graph of the standard solution A to D. The graph of absorbance against concentration of the standard solution A to D shows a linear…