Ischemia

Coronary artery disease (CAD; also more simply referred to as coronary heart disease) is a specific type of atherosclerosis, which is in turn a form of arteriosclerosis (Dulson, Fraser, LeDrew, & Vavitas, 2011). All of these medical conditions entail the same problem, which hinders proper blood flow of oxygenated blood in the arteries: the sclerosis (that is, hardening) of arteries in the circulatory system (Sclerosis [medicine], 2016). Arteriosclerosis is a general term used to describe the…

According to the WHO and MHO statistical yearbook, 42 percent of the death in 2010 are caused by cardiomyopathy diseases in Saudi Arabia. The rates of death in 2010 is 375 out of 100,000. According to the new statistical yearbook for 1431H, the death rates declined from 17.99 percent to 16.39 percent in the year 2008,2009 and 2010. Ischemic cardiomyopathy is one type of cardiomyopathy. According to Cleveland Clinic,” In Ischemic CM, the heart's ability to pump blood is decreased because the…

pathogenesis. Accordingly, CVD and several cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, and diabetes mellitus) or their potential consequences (chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and ischemia) have been associated with the development of AD (Hachinski and Munoz 1997; la Torre 2004; Pimentel-Coelho and Rivest 2012; la Torre 2012; Kelleher and Soiza 2013; Zhao and Gong 2015). Other evidence supporting the notion that AD can be…

Preeclampsia and eclampsia were first documented by Hippocrates around 400 BC. He believed that a headache associated with a seizure in pregnancy was considered bad. This was the first documented case where it was considered to be a complication to a mother’s pregnancy. Early treatment for Preeclampsia and eclampsia was to bring the body’s fluid status back to normal. They tried to achieve this through altered diets, purging and blood-letting. It was not until 1739 that doctors and…

Different application of MRI can be used such as Flair, which is as normal MRI imaging, but this is where you take scans of the brain and the computer can take away any fluid present in the image, so what you are left with in the image is just brain tissue, which will let you see lesions, or origins of a hemorrhage. The diagnostics of hyper acute infarction and ischaemia is mainly done by diffusion –weighted imaging (DWI). DWI is sensitive to diffusion of water molecules within tissue. The…

In the script Ms. Young complained that at first, she experienced moderate chest pains that progressively got worse before her heart attack. This pain was described as if someone was putting pressure on her chest and it radiated down to her arms. Additionally, she felt as if she was struggling to breathe, nauseated, weak and sweating. This fits with the diagnosis of coronary artery disease that is the source of developing chronic stable angina and can induce a myocardial infraction like she…

delicate structures around the third ventricle (hypothalamus & brain stem) can lead to intraoperative cardiac bradyarrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension and even cardiac arrest22.This procedure can also result in reduction of cerebral perfusion or even ischemia secondary to an increase in intracranial pressure. Other reported neurological complications are paralysis of III and VI nerves, delayed awakening, transitory mental confusion, headache, loss of memory, infection, convulsions, and…

Numerous factors have been proposed as potential AMD pathogens including accumulation of drusen, genetic mutation in complement factors, inflammatory response, photooxidative stress, accumulation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanol-amine (A2E), and ischemia. Despite none of these pathogens has been recognized as the direct cause of AMD, prolong exposure to a combination of these factors can lead to RPE degeneration or death. Based on the formation of neovascular tissues, AMD has two forms: wet…

DISCUSSION CD is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic, granulomatous, segmental transmural inflammation that may occur in any part of the alimentary tract from mouth to anus. In the human upper digestive tract, the oesophagus is the least common segment involved in CD.[10,11] It is not difficult to diagnose oesophageal CD if other segments of the digestive tract are also involved or in patients with a previous history of crohn’s disease. The typical…

inside lining of the artery usually composed of cholesterol or plaques. This can cause the narrowing of the coronary artery lumen, which can then reduce the volume of blood that pass through them. The lack of poor blood flow can lead to myocardial ischemia, which is a lack of blood flow to the heart and it can lead to heart tissue death. Another condition associated with CAD is atheroma. Atheroma starts to develop when the endothelium part of the artery is destroyed. When the endothelium part of…