Ischemia

Specifically these three procedures are angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and carotid endarterectomy. The purpose of these three procedures is to clear an artery of any plaque buildup to reduce any chance of cardiac ischemia, angina, thrombosis, or embolism to name a few. These three techniques will help reduce the chance of myocardial infarction and stroke. Angioplasty is one of the most common medical treatments used for atherosclerosis. There are three steps to complete…

Multiple Thresholds for Different Components of the Brain in Ischemic Stroke Perfusion Imaging Background The treatment target for acute ischemic stroke is to open the occluded blood vessel with thrombolysis. By opening the occluded vessel we can save the tissues at risk of conversion to infarct core which referred to as the penumbra. Nowadays with advanced imaging, clinicians are able to distinguish the penumbra and infarct core. If the penumbra is large and infarct core small (mismatch…

The patient was admitted into a small, rural hospital at 1900 for an ongoing complaint of unrelieved indigestion. The patient, 48 year old male has a history of and is presently involved with smoking. After admission into the hospital it is ruled out that the patient underwent a rule out myocardial infarction with further testing involving a cardiac catheterization to be done after admission upon a separate medical center. The patient also presents to the hospital with a history of a high-fat…

A PMI located outside these landmarks indicates possible cardiac enlargement, such as with left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac enlargement is not necessarily associated with atherosclerosis or carotid artery disease. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (application) REF: 697 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 4. To auscultate for S3 or S4 gallops in the mitral area, the nurse listens with the a. bell of the stethoscope with the patient in the left lateral position. b.…

According to Schouten et al (2008), sepsis involves the activation of the coagulation cascade coupled with down-regulation of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. An intricate link between inflammation and coagulation exists within the body (Neligan, 2006). When a pathogen is present in the bloodstream or when tissue injury occurs, an inflammatory response occurs. The response causes a stimulation of the immune system to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis…