Glycolysis

Carbohydrates : Carbohydrates are commonly identified as sugars, they are the 'staff of life' for mainly organisms. They are mainly rich class of biomolecules in nature, based on mass. Carbohydrates are also known as saccharides, in Greek sakcharon mean sugar or sweetness. They are generally distributed molecules in plant and animal tissues. In plants, and arthropods, carbohydrates from the skeletal structures, they also provide as food reserves in plants and animals. They are main energy…

the reaction of pyruvate to lactate. This reaction occurs in an anaerobic environment where the body needs to make sufficient energy as fast as possible, therefore pyruvate ferments to lactate with the help of LDH to produce enough NAD+ to power glycolysis. LDH-5, an isoenzyme of LDH, has been a target for cancer therapy. By reducing LDH-5, mitochondrial respiration declines resulting in slow cell proliferation. (LDH-5 4) Furthermore, LDH can be used as a clinical marker to detect cellular…

enzyme systems that regulate varied biochemical reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. It’s crucial for energy production, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. It contributes to the physical growth, formation and strengthening of teeth of bone and is vital for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and the…

The Michaelis constant, Km, is the amount of substrate needed for the enzyme to obtain half of its maximum rate of reaction. (Oregon 2015) It reveals the enzymes affinity for the substrate and shows the magnitude of the enzymes affect on changing the rate of the reaction. For example, an enzyme with a high Km needs a large concentration of substrate to efficiently increase the rate of the reaction. (Oregon 2015) A low Km indicates that the enzyme will increase the rate of reaction with a small…

Cancer is defined as a diverse state in which cells multiply, proliferate and spread through surrounding tissues. With all the different types of cancers we have, at least one originates from closely every cell type in the human body (Vogeistein and Kinzier,1992). Different influence can affect the processes of the cell cycle in both positive and negative ways. Tumor suppressor gene p53 is among the negative regulators of the cell cycle if affected by alteration, mutations or by interaction with…

Triglycerides are made of three molecules of fatty acid molecules and a glycerol molecule and its catabolism follows two pathways to generate ATP. The four molecules are separated by a hydrolysis degradation reaction. The three fatty acid molecules enter a pathway that consists of Beta oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, and electron transport chain. The substrate involved in Beta Oxidation include the three fatty acid molecules, coenzyme A, NAD, FAD, and ATP. The Beta Oxidation process involves…

Basketball is one of the widely played and viewed games in the world. This game involves lots of running, jumping, analysis and judgment. As basketball is a fast action game, it helps in keeping us fit by building endurance, motor coordination, muscle strengthening, and improving balance. Other than these health benefits, basketball is a social sport and hence it helps us to be a good team player (http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au). As the number of basketball players are increasing, so the…

strict anaerobes, yeast and some bacteria there is a reduced amount of ATP production in contrast to oxidative phosphorylation which requires O2. Anaerobic conditions, in aerobic organisms prevent glucose molecules in the body from the last steps of glycolysis to continue…

Name: Antonio RicoDeLaFuente Purpose : This activity was to identify concepts on cells and to learn more about the functions and reproduction of cells within living organisms. Lab Summary: While doing this activity we experimented with bacterial growth and I was able to witness growth in its replication. Through the process of mitosis, I was able to view cellular reproduction. Lab Answers A. Bacterial growth observation. The population doubling time is estimated to be 20 minute. B.…

fibers to use. Once that energy source is depleted, glycogen is then used through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. If the pace of the exercise the horse is doing can allow the presence of oxygen and aerobic metabolism then the oxidative phosphorylation process will occur. Oxidative phosphorylation is the aerobic process where carbohydrates, fats, and protein are broken down to produce ATP. On the other hand, glycolysis is an anaerobic process which means it does not use oxygen. This…