Fluency

development of background knowledge. This program begins with phonemic awareness skills, focuses on auditory understanding and discrimination of sounds before moving onto letter identification. It then works through vocabulary, sentence structure, reading fluency to high order comprehension skills. Some defining aspects of this program is its distinct use of orthography. Reading Mastery uses a different font for letters so that "sounds" can be visually differentiated by learners and words more…

Learning a second language is a complex process that exceeds the acquisition of its structure and vocabulary. One of the major components of mastering a new language requires learners to become familiar and sensitive to the preference in language use by native speakers of certain sequences of words over others (Wray, 2000). It is the mastery of these word sequences that distinguishes novice from proficient L2 learners. Yet, there is still little agreement across studies on the number of words…

One minute fluency assessments, like Aimsweb, are useful tools for discovering reading difficulties but they do not reveal the reason behind these difficulties (Applegate, Applegate, Mcgeehan, Pinto, & Kong, 2009; Ardoin & Christ, 2009; Deeney, 2010; January & Ardoin…

repeat the reading exactly as the teacher did. In addition, one can try paired reading where a child sits with another child and they take turns reading aloud to each other. As like anything else one struggles with, practice makes perfect with reading fluency as…

The effects of increased length and syntactic complexity on fluency have been documented and suggest that increased processing demands may lead to increased rates of stuttering. Psycholinguistic theories of stuttering indicate that syntactic, lexical, phonological, or suprasegmental aspects of speech production may…

Teachers Knowledge and Perceptions of Phonemic Awareness and Phonics Instruction A well-known body of research concluded that the systematic and explicit phonics and phonemic awareness instructions improve early reading and spelling skills and prevent reading difficulties (NRP, 2000; Snow et al., 1998). Therefore, teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of these instructions affect the effectiveness of reading instructions. According to Mather, Bos, and Babur (2001), teachers were not knowledgeable…

for one hour each day. In addition, Mary’s parents paid for her to go to private tutoring for five hours a week with sessions ranging for 1.5 hours to 2 hours. There were three sessions per week. At the beginning of this study, Mary’s mid-year fluency rate was 12 words correct per minute (WCPM). The average first grader reads 30 WCPM at mid-year…

it evaluates, and monitors students’ progress from beginning to end. I think that Reading Specialists, students, and teachers will appreciate this because it helps them to evaluate, and progress monitoring the reader. It will benefit the reader in fluency, literacy skills. It will create students to try more challenging reading strategies, and create a sense of self-esteem for readers. Teachers will be able to trust Reading Specialist, and it will create unity among them. This will make…

Response to Allington Latrisha Easey Please answer ONLY four of the following questions regarding the Allington fluency article. 1. What does the study by Marsha Buly and Sheila Valencia (2002) tell us about putting too much stress simply on rate and accuracy? Marsha Buly and Sheila Valencia’s study found that one of five students who failed a state fourth-grade reading test were automatic decoders but had little comprehension. (pg.95) Putting too stress on rate and accuracy is not helping…

speech, as in the straight line; and bumpy speech, as in the wavy line. Carrie gave Penelope positive reinforcement and a judgement free zone by saying both types of speech are okay. The second objective was coloring while discriminating between fluency and disfluency in 4/5 trials. Carrie drew different shapes for herself and Penelope to color inside the of the shapes. While coloring, Carrie explained to Penelope that sometimes she likes to color really fast and as a result colors outside of…