Excipient

2). HEROIN: Heroin is formed by conversion of morphine which does not require complex equipmentation but more elaborate chemical operation under which morphine is refluxed with acetic anhydride for about 5 hours results into the formation of Diacetyl morphine, i.e., heroin. It is seperated when the solution gets neutralize with sodium carbonate or washing soda in which heroin gets separated as a precipitate. It is collected and purified by treating it with hydrochloric acid by which Heroin…

applied drug development, manufacturing, distribution, inspection, and submission/review processes throughout the lifecycle of drug substances, drug products, biological and biotechnological products including the use of raw materials, solvents, excipients, packaging and labeling materials in drug products, biological and biotechnological products.Quality risk management is a systematic…

The mixture is also sonicated to further assist the increase in rate of reaction. The solid portion of the slurry is insoluble in ethyl acetate which is the excipients of the tablets therefore didn’t dissolve due to its polarity. The solid portion was filtered using filter paper into a seperating…

(section 2.4). Then it was chromatographed under the same conditions described in section 2.2. The chromatogram of placebo was compared with that of the sample tablet (Fig. 5a) and standard drugs solutions. No interfering substances due to formulation excipients were eluted or interfered at the retention times of the drugs. Moreover, the DAD confirms the peak purity by recording the purity profiles and comparing the recorded plots of the sample tablet (Figs. 5b & 5c) with the…

In the drug development procedure, Good Laboratory Practice stand at the Preclinical Development Stage, also called as a non-clinical stage as it is not conducted in human. Its main goal is to test the safety. Toxicology, Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics and bioavailability studies must follow the GLP compliance.Good laboratory practice (GLP) was first announced in New Zealand and Denmark in the year 1972 and later in the USA in June, 1979 as regulations passed to stop investigators who submit…

Wang et al. (2015) formulated a solid dispersion to improve the solubility and bioavailability of Ginkgo biloba extract (GE) through hot melt technology. The polymer studied were Kollidon® VA64/Kolliphor® RH40 (85:15) and the extrusion was carried out at 120-125⁰C with 100 RPM with 25% drug load. DSC and XRD studies confirmed the amorphous conversion of the GE and the dissolution carried in 250ml of 0.1N HCl showed that the dissolution of solid dispersion of GE was significantly improved (2-3…

OBJECTIVE: To deliver lornoxicam into systemic circulation by engineering ethosomal gel formulation. RATIONAL OF WORK: Because of their improved pervasion of medication through skin.  lornoxicam is BCS class II medication causes gastric bothering when managed orally  ethosomes are stages for the conveyance of vast and differing gathering of medications.  due to their generally safe profile.  better understanding agreeability can be utilized as a part of the manifestation of gel,…

1. Amlodipine is a medication used to lower blood pressure and prevent chest pain. It belongs to a group of medications known as long acting dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers. Amlodipine widen the blood vessels and improves blood flow. Widening of these blood vessels lowers blood pressure. In angina, amlodipine increases blood flow to the heart muscle to relieve pain due to angina. (WHO, 2013). Amlodipine was discovered by a research team lead by Simon Campbell and created by the…

Introduction When a particular medicine is swallowed (tablets, capsules, etc). The absorption or uptake of the drug into the body mainly depend on two factors. 1. How well does the drug dissolves in stomach and gastrointestinal(GI) fluids (solubility of drug) 2. How readily does the drug passes through the intestinal wall into the blood (drug permeability) To find out how a drug is likely to be taken up when it is swallowed. The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) was introduced by…

Oxybutynin Chemical structure Mode of action and pharmacology Oxybutynin is an antimuscarinic, antispasmodic medicine that is used to relieve urinary symptoms caused by an overactive bladder. An over active bladder is caused by involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle surrounding the bladder causing it to empty unnecessarily. The detrusor muscle helps control normal working functions by relaxing and contracting as the bladder fills and empties. Symptoms include…