Excitatory postsynaptic potential

The study of the brain began by mapping structures such as lobes, cortexes, and regions. As modern medicine continues to make advancements so does the understanding of complex processes which take place inside of the human body such as the firing of action potentials in neuronal cells in the brain. The research presented in the paper “High-Fidelity optical reporting of neuronal electrical activity with an ultrafast fluorescent voltage sensor” shows just how far brain mapping has come and how far it still has to go before all pathways are truly understood. This paper presents the medical community the opportunity to harness the versatility of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in order to show how action potentials are initiated, executed, and…

Electrical and chemical synapses serve different functions in the nervous system, and the use of each type of synapse has advantages and disadvantages for situations requiring signal transmission. One of the advantages of the use of an electrical synapse is speed, as electrical synapses allow action potentials to pass directly from neuron to neuron through the use of gap junctions. This direct passage and resulting speed of transmission isn’t present in chemical synapses. Chemical synapses rely…

Neurons communicate over long distances using action potentials. Action potentials occur as a result of rapid changes in membrane permeability. Resting membrane potential of a cell is approximately -70 millivolts. Large anions trapped inside the cell, negatively charged proteins, as well as a higher concentration of positively charged ions outside than inside are some of the factors that contribute to the initial negative charge within the cell at resting value. Ion concentration gradients as…

The difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters are excitatory neurotransmitters lead to changes that generate action potential in a responding neuron. Inhibitory neurotransmitters block the changes that cause action potential to be generated in the responding cell. The function of receptors are to bind a specific chemical substance. An example of this would be, "...a dopamine but does not bind other neurotransmitters such as serotonin" (NIDA. 1996. 47)." The blood…

Abstract Action potentials can be defined as the signals and the pathways sent through the nervous system. They are essential in carrying out various actions that are administered by the brain. This effect of action potentials help us to feel cold, warmth ,use the sensory actions of the eye etc. and the back forth signaling between the brain and the nerve cells helps the brain to carry the right action. Action potentials are housed by neuron structures which are made up of axons and dendrites.…

Short-term plasticity at the ORN  PN synapse could result in PN responses that are strongest during the rising phase of the ORN response since the ORN  PN synapses display short-term depression that causes ORN spikes that arrive later to produce smaller postsynaptic potentials than the ones produced by earlier spikes. In depressing synapses, successive action potentials result in smaller and smaller postsynaptic responses. The reduction in postsynaptic responses could be due to smaller amount…

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may to be reduce GABA synthesis and release from inhibitory synapses and thus enhance network excitability. Hyperactivation in the CA1 hippocampal region is specifically evident as this area is extensively regulated by inhibitions pathways (Coulter and Steinhauser, 2015). GABA also functions as a gliotransmitter to activate high affinity GABA receptors to mediate long lasting inhibition. Release of GABA from glial cells in the cerebellum is independent of neuronal activity and works along…