DNA methylation

Annotated Bibliography The Bioethics of Cloning Devolder, Katrien. "Cloning." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CT: Stanford U, Metaphysics Research Lab., 2004. 212-214. Print. This encyclopedia page describes the relationship between cloning and its embryonic cells. Cloned embryonic cells carry important advantages in biomedical research, drug recovery, and toxicity testing that regular cells don’t: these cells can be models when animal cells are not available, research in…

cells, and the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Standard of care chemotherapy agent Temozolomide is an alkylating agent which functions by methylation of DNA on N-7 or O-6 positions of guanine residues. Methylation damages DNA and triggers apoptosis of cells. However, about 50% GBM tumors express a protein encoded by the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene which makes these tumors unresponsive to temozolomide therapy. Upon repeated exposure to a drug, tumor cells…

through the lifespan, how gene activities segregate during cell division and how our progeny can inherit the consequences of our lifestyle (Holliday, 2006). To explain the concept of epigenetics, I will use the changes in the pattern of the DNA called methylation (an epigenetic cell tool to switch off a gene) (Phillips, 2008) and its relationship to diseases like cancer. I would do this through a very interesting article “Epigenetics in Cancer”…

Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder that causes speech problems, intellectual impairment, sleeping difficulties, and seizures. This condition causes a very happy, excitable personality in the patient resulting in outbursts of laughter and frequent smiles. In children, AS can also cause hyperactivity. With age, the sleeping problems and excitable behavior subside. Curvature in the spine (scoliosis) can also be caused by Angelman Syndrome. Even with the abundant amount of disabilities…

undergoes remarkable changes in function and structure through genetic and epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes are mediated by RNA and chromatic remodeling and occur vie regulatory pathways. Genetic changes occur through deletion, mutations, loss of DNA sequence, transposition, and translocation. There are several significant effects of polyploidy in plants, such as: dipliodization, speciation, conservation of species, difference in gene composition, variations in gene expression,…

For all organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, they all must regulate the specific genes that are expressed at any given time (Campbell 365). Each organism continuously turn on and off genes in response to external and internal environmental signals. The regulation of gene expression is especially important in multicellular organisms since it is essential for the different types of cell to have their own cell specialization (Campbell 365). In order for each cell to do it’s given role, they each…

Figure 2. The proteomic organization of three subfamilies of Smads (Co-Smad, R-Smad and I-Smad) and organization of a Smad MH1 domain with DNA. (A) All Smads information taken from PDB entry Smad>UniProt Gene list of Smads. The conserved N-terminal MH1 domain is in red, linker region in dark blue and the C-terminal MH2 domain in deep yellow. In the linker region the red PXS/TP (or S/TP) indicates the potential phosphorylation site for MAPKs ERK1/2, and the square indicates the PY…

that are neither necessarily transmitted nor brought about by changes in the DNA sequence in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. At the cellular level it focuses on the developmental process that leads to cell determination and cell differentiation (Jablonka & Raz, 2009). Narrowly defined, epigenetics refers to the scientific approach concerned with changes in the cell’s transcriptional potential through DNA-methylation, chromatin modulation and non-coding RNAs related gene silencing. Epigenetics…

Epigenetics means changes in genes that do not affect DNA sequence. These changes might be affected by the exposure every human being has to a different environment and circumstances which leads to changes in their genes, yet these changes do not change that person’s DNA. After interviewing my family, I discovered that I am most at risk for asthma, dust and humidity allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, glaucoma, diabetes, hypertension and migraine. Having a twin sister helps me understand the meaning…

Dr. Sharon Moalem, a modern marvel among the science community, has long sought after the fundamental truths of human disease and biological evolution. He is a Canadian physician, scientist and best-selling author who specializes in the fields of rare diseases, neurogenetics, and biotechnology. His three books Survival of the Sickest, How Sex Works: Why We Look, Smell, Taste, Feel, and Act the Way We Do and "Inheritance: How Our Genes Change Our Lives—And Our Lives Change Our Genes" offer an…