DNA methylation

cell’s DNA wraps around cluster of a globular histone proteins to form nucleosomes. Nucleosomes and histone are put together to make chromatin. When the structure of chromatin changes, it affects gene expression. This leads to epigenetics patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications. Alternations of these patterns cause change in the regulation of gene expression. After these changes in gene expression, the results are an epigenetic cause of disease because of the loss of normal DNA…

be more prone to have the same DNA as their previous…

raised by less attentive mothers to be more sensitive to stress as compared to the others. To better explain that this change was brought on by the mothers behaviors and not her genes they took rat pups raised by inattentive mothers who had high methylation and injected them with a drug to remove methyl groups. This resulted in the rats not showing any of the deficits and their brains did not show the epigenetic changes. After the published a paper together showing their findings there was a…

the mammary region, is controlled in an area of the breast called the HOXC10 gene. For this hox gene, methylation occurred in a CpG shore, which overlapped with a functional ER binding site, causing repression of the HOXC10 gene expression. By a short term blockage it was observed that ER signaling caused relief of the hox gene repression in both cell lines and breast tumors; increased DNA methylation and hox gene silencing also occurred. An experiment was performed which reduced HOXC10 in vitro…

BRMS1 PROMOTER AND METASTATIC BREAST CANCER BRMS1, a functional gene, is composed of 10 exons and ranged from 7.8kb of genomic DNA. It is a member of mSIN3-HDAC transcription co-repressor complex and resides normally in the nucleus. Product of alternative splicing, two mRNA transcripts, which are in turn translated into two distinct proteins, 246 amino acids and 290 amino acids. When the structure of BRMS1 promoter is studied, two hyper methylated cytosine-phosphoguanine (CpG)…

The certain mutations required for detection, signaling, and repair of DNA damage can actually lead to more DNA damage, the incorrect repair of damage, and cancer. If DNA repair pathways that are needed for the life and growth of a tumor can be found and delayed, then the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy can and will be much more successful (Bolderson, Richard, Zhou…

Different influence can affect the processes of the cell cycle in both positive and negative ways. Tumor suppressor gene p53 is among the negative regulators of the cell cycle if affected by alteration, mutations or by interaction with oncogene products of DNA tumor viruses. All these mutations cause genetic changes in the cells and lead to cancer (Levine , Finlay, and Momand, 1991). TP53 plays an important role in tumor prevention, and gene stability and this have been demonstrated…

chromosomal DNA, the basic unit of which is the nucleosome, consisting of 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a core histone octamer. To regulate the structure of chromatin, histones undergo a large number of post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, ADP ribosylation, beta-N-acetylglucosamine and deamination. These modifications can also recruit other remodeling proteins and complexes to reposition nucleosomes and take part in many…

very expression of one’s genes. These changes can be passed down to progeny and increase their likelihood of developing an eating disorder as well. This phenomenon is known as epigenetics, and its biological mechanisms are based on methylation. The level of methylation of a gene dictates whether that gene is expressed or not; therefore, by altering the extent to which various genes are methylated, the onset of an eating disorder can significantly alter cell function throughout…

from DNA is converted into its RNA equivalent which also refers to the synthesis of RNA copy of information encoded on DNA. The same principles of transcriptional regulation apply to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Transcription involves in access of transcription apparatus to DNA, recognition of promoter sequences, initiation of RNA synthesis, elongation of RNA, and termination. Transcriptional in eukaryotes is more complex compared to prokaryotes especially multicellular organisms In DNA…