Digestion

1) List at least three ways in which rats are similar to humans. a) Rats, just as humans, give birth to living young. b) It has been shown that rats and humans can contract the same diseases. c) We have similar anatomy 2) Describe a rat 's foot structure and for what it might be useful. How is this similar to a human’s foot? How is this different from humans? Rats have two hind feet with five toes, and on each toe is a sharp nail. Its hind feet are significantly larger than it’s front…

Chewing over the Food of the Future? In Lizzie Widdecombe’s “The End of Food,”, the writer shares how “The notion that we can nourish ourselves with something purer and more effective than food has long been part of our collective fantasy life.” This thought holds true for many in the developed world today, for whom food certainly feels like a burden, rather than a pleasure. The time, money and effort of purchasing, preparation, and eating food all seem to be a nuisance. Nevertheless, Robert…

number of different mechanisms. However, this process is largely contrived through two means, parietal cells and drugs. Utilized each day in processes like digestion and metabolism, the role parietal cells and drugs play in regulating gastric acid secretion is fundamental to life. Gastric Acid Secretion by Parietal Cells Gastric acid aids digestion by creating the optimal pH for pepsin and gastric lipase and by stimulating pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. Acid secretion is initiated by food:…

Without a doubt, cellular respiration, the process of converting energy from nutrients into ATP and then releasing waste products, is important to the human body. In fact, many of our organ systems wouldn’t even be able to function if it weren’t for cellular respiration. These include the excretory, respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems, which carry out some of the most significant actions. Additionally, the body needs mitochondria to produce ATP in order to power cells and enable them…

Body Fluids and Body Water Distribution Body Fluids What are body fluids? Body fluids, also known as bio fluids are fluids or liquids that are found and are created from the inside of animal and human bodies. These include fluids that are released by the body through excretion and secretion as well the water that is found in the human bodies. When it comes to body fluids, the majority percentage of liquid that makes up the body fluids in a person is body water. It is said that about 60% of the…

Heterotrophs are sectioned off into three different categories based on their intake of food. Heterotrophs are organisms that use organic compounds for energy and carbon. Herbivores, being animals that eat plants are; algae-eating snails, sapsucking insects, and vertebrates such as cows, horses, rabbits, and sparrows. Carnivores, animals who eat other animals; crabs, squid, many insects, cats, eagles, trout, and frogs. Omnivores, animals who eat both plants and other animals are; humans, pigs,…

Influenza Virus The flu is one of the most common diseases in the world. The cause of it is the influenza “flu” virus. The viruses’ structure plays a big part in how it spreads. It affects systems in the body and causes them to malfunction. When the systems malfunction, it causes flu-related symptoms. The flu is often confused with the common cold, but it’s much more deadly and, in some cases, can even be fatal. The influenza virus affects the respiratory, immune, and digestive systems. The…

order to break down food and movement food over gastrointestinal tract, the stomach muscle controlled by vagus nerve contracts. The digestion of food is mainly controlled by the muscle movement combined with the enzymes and hormones. The Gastroparesis condition is a consequence of damage to vagus nerve that results in stomach disorder and insufficient food digestion, and…

An enzyme is a biological catalyst; catalysts are substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up. Enzymes also make the reaction take place more often, and are needed in small amounts; they are also neither reactants nor products. Enzymes are also proteins that are folded into complex shapes that allow molecules to fit into them. The enzymes that are involved in respiration, photosynthesis and protein synthesis work within cells whereas other enzymes are secreted…

#1) A fish eats another fish. Starting in the stomach of a typical gastric fish, explain how the proteins are broken down and absorbed, as well as how the functional units are subsequently used as energy and what waste product is produced. Proteins undergo a series of steps when being digested from a full protein to amino acids. In the stomach, cells secrete pepsinogen along with H+ into the lumen. The excess of H+ ions lowers the pH of the stomach, activating pepsinogen and turning it into…