The Gastrointestinal System The gastrointestinal tract is a collection of organs that work together to enable the body to digest and absorb numerous substances. It is often described as a long muscular tube starting at the mouth, and ending at the anus. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine (consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum), and the large intestine (consisting of the cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, the sigmoid, rectum, and anus), all make up the gastrointestinal tract. The esophagus is the starting point for the gastrointestinal tract, it is a muscular tube that measures approximately twenty-five centimeters from the pharynx to the stomach. It passes through the diaphragm, and has two curvatures which…
It is divided into three sections: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. The duodenum is the first section in which solutes pass through for absorption and the ileum is the final place for absorption in the small intestine. The inner surface of the small intestine appears to be folded, but is lined with finger-like projections called villi (Crane 1979). Along the villus one will find microvilli, tiny projections lined with epithelial cells capable of absorbing solutes in the process of…
form? 1. What is the role of pepsin? Why is it secreted in an inactive form? Ans: pg. 902, 904 – a) break peptide bonds between amino acids; b) in the inactive form pepsinogen, it cannot digest the proteins in the chief cells that produce it 23. What are the functions of gastric lipase and lingual lipase in the stomach? Lingual lipase aids in hydrolyzing (breakdown) triglycerides into fatty acids and diglycerides while Gastric Lipase hydrolyzes (breakdown) triglycerides into fatty acids…
along with powerful enzymes which help to further break down the food. 4. Small Intestine The contents from the stomach reach the small intestine once they have been sufficiently processed. The small intestine is a long muscular tube that releases enzymes to further break down the molecules. There are three sections to the small intestine, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The continuous break-down process is mainly achieved in the duodenum, while the jejunum and ileum provide the bloodstream…
Insulin is the central hormone for metabolizing sugar. Liver The liver has numerous capacities, yet its primary capacity inside the stomach related framework is to handle the supplements assimilated from the small digestive system. Bile from the liver discharged into the small digestive tract additionally assumes an imperative part in processing fat. Likewise, the liver is the body's substance "manufacturing plant." It takes the crude materials consumed by the digestive tract and makes all…
It usually affects the 3rd and/or 4th parts of the duodenum. Presents with vomiting of the gastric contents (usually contain bile). Duodenal atresia It is complete occlusion of the duodenal lumen as a result of failed recanalization. It usually affects duodenum just distal to the bile duct opening, and associates with polyhydramnios (excess of amniotic fluid). Presents after few hours of birth by bile stained vomiting. The diagnosis is usually predicted by seeing a ‘double-bubble sign’ on…
It is continuous with the oesophagus at the cardiac sphincter and the duodenum at the pyloric sphincter. It is divided into three sections, the fundus, body and the antrum. The walls of the stomach are made up of muscle layer (longitudinal, circular and oblique muscle), submucosa and mucosa. There are many functions of the stomach, it is a temporary storage area for the food to allow digestive enzymes to act. These break down the food molecules so they are ready for the intestines. It functions…
The small intestine consists of three divisions: The duodenum is the uppermost division and the part to which the pyloric end of the stomach attaches. it is about 25 cm (10 inches) long and is shaped roughly like the letter C. The name duodenum , meaning " 12 fingerbreadths," refers to the short length of this intestinal division. The duodenum becomes jejunum at the point where the tube turns abruptly forward and downward . The jejunal portion continues for approximately the next 2.5 m (8…
Whipple Procedure Whipple procedure is a surgery to remove the head of the pancreas, the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum), and the organ that stores fluid (bile) made in the liver (gallbladder). Part of the stomach may also be removed during this procedure. The pancreas is a large gland located behind the stomach. It helps digest food and it produces hormones that regulate blood sugar. The head of the pancreas is the part that is connected to the duodenum. A Whipple procedure may…
Biliary System The organs and ducts that make up the Biliary System are bile ducts, and the gallbladder. In the system once the bile is secreted from the liver and drained through the smile bile bones called canaliculli. They collect into the heapatic ducts, which then collect in the common heapatic ducts. The heapatic ducts join by the cystic duct to create the common bile duct. These would run from the liver to the duodenum, which would be the first section of the small intestine. However,…