Cranial nerves

the spinal cord where they join the muscles they serve synapsing with the nuclei of the lower motor neurons. The corticobulbar tracts follows the similar pathway of the corticospinal tracts; they will begin synapsing with the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves beginning at the level of upper pons. The pyramidal system is the main pathway for voluntary movement. The extrapyramidal system…

and a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; also used in the form of dihydrostreptomycin (aldehyde of streptomycin reduced to CH2OH). It is used virtually exclusively in the treatment of tuberculosis; toxicity includes eighth cranial nerve damage leading to deafness and/or vestibular dysfunction. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic (a naphthacene derivative), the parent of oxytetracycline, prepared from chlortetracycline and also obtained from the culture filtrate of…

progressive muscular weakness starting in babies, leading to early death. The disease was characterized as a loss of anterior horn cell. The lower motor neuron degeneration has been confirmed to be caused by a loss of anterior horn cells in the cranial nerve nuclei and spinal cord. The entire body is affected from Spinal Muscular Atrophy. SMA affects the control of muscle movement. Spinal Muscular Atrophy robs people of their ability to walk, eat, swallow, breathe, and in some cases the ability…

Experiments allow researchers to intervene and change behavior. Experiments also allow researchers to examine more than two variables at a time. Correlation studies, on the other hand, allow researchers to observe patterns that are not manipulated as they are in experiments. Correlations studies also only allow two variables to be observed at one time so that “the direction and strength for the association between the two variables” (Noba, 2014, p. 37) can be determined. As stated above,…

Chief Complaint "TIA". History Patient is a 74-year-old right-handed white female who has had three stereotypical events one on 2012, and two this July. She describes it as "my brain goes into a cramp and I can not speak". She states that she knows what she wants to say, but can not find the words or pronounce the words properly. She calls it jumbled speech. Her first event, again was in 2012 and it lasted less than a minute. She had a second event on July 3rd, when she was on the phone…

brownish red bean-shaped organs situated on either side of the vertebral column. The kidney features from the utmost comprises of the convex lateral surface and concave medial surface, and the hilum that connect ureter, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, then irrelative adrenal gland at the top, while the covering tissues are made up of three layers namely renal fascia, perirenal fat capsule and fibrous capsule. Renal fascia is the outermost layer engross with dense fibrous connective…

no obvious distress, but at the time that I actually examined him, he was very anxious regarding his driving restrictions. Mental Status He is oriented x3, alert, cooperative. Good short-term, long-term, and intermediate memory. No aphasia. Cranial Nerves Visual fields full to confrontation. Extraocular muscles intact. Normal facial symmetry, sensation, and movement. Normal shoulder shrug. Tongue and uvula were midline. Motor Was 5/5 strength, but with a left pronator drift and…

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that affects the formation of bones. The term Osteogenesis Imperfecta literally means imperfect bone formation. People with OI have bones that break easily, usually caused by a mild trauma or no cause at all. Multiple fractures are common with this disease since bones are weak. Although, in severe cases fracture of bones can occur before birth. This disease is caused by defective connective tissue and the lack of Type One Collagen. There are…

Audiologists have several needed to be completed prior to a patient obtaining a hearing aid (Hearing Loss Communication Strategies for Family and Friends, 2012). The first step is the will be a complete health assessment to best determine whether medications or illness maybe the actual cause of hearing loss in the patient. Nurses know that certain medications such as aspirin in high doses have a side effect on tinnitus. Hearing tests such as the Weber and Rinne help determine the type of…

Many adult SCs are derived from the cranial neural crest during development and contribute to the formation of condensed dental mesenchyme, dental papilla, odontoblasts, dental pulp, cementum, periodontal ligaments, and chondrocytes (Chai, fate of mammalian). Adult SCs have been identified…