Cranial nerves

Clostridium tetani is a bacillus, or rod-shaped bacteria responsible for the often-fatal disease tetanus. The word tetanus originated from the Greek word tetanos, which means to ‘stretch’. It is a Gram-positive bacterium and often appears to be shaped like a tennis racket, drumstick, or club when stained. This unusual appearance is the result of sporulation that occurs within the cell. C. tetani is an obligate anaerobe and relies solely on fermentation. Since it is an obligate anaerobe, this…

sonata of mozart’s rather than a the other two sounds. As the sound travels through the ear, it converts the sound waves into a movement with specific parts of the middle and inner ear. This is converted into signals that travel in the eighth cranial nerve that leads all the…

cholecystectomy. No distended veins or visible peristalsis. Diminished bowel sounds in all four quadrants; no bruits. Tympany on percussion in all four quadrants. Spleen and liver impalpable. Neuromuscular: The patient is alert and oriented x4. All cranial nerves intact. No tremor, tics, atrophy, or extremes in muscle tone. ASSESSMENT AND…

1.2.7 RABIES (Hydrophobia) IN MAN Clinical features Once the incubation period is competed and the virus begins to multiply in the central nervous system. Clinical signs appear. It should be noted that once clinical signs of rabies begin, there is no treatment available that will cure the poor victim. Only symptomatic therapy will be done. Death is virtually inevitable. Two major clinical patterns of rabies can be distinguished. One is the furious type and other is dump type. The majority of…

Betty Jones is a happily married 54 y/o primary school teacher who presented at our clinic with a 2-day history of intense back pain after moving a heavy pot in the garden and a long-term history of bronchitis. Her back pain is exacerbated by a current episode of bronchitis, which is maintained by smoking 3-5 cigarettes daily. While in the garden two days ago, Betty bent over to move a large ceramic flower pot. Upon lifting, she experienced immediate pain which has remained consistent with an…

Fast Food Leads to Obesity Around the World Health issues within the body can trigger other issues into existence. A few of the issues that relate to the well-being of individuals are the consumption of several types and various amounts of fast food products and the supplements that go along with fast food. Also, in the health issue category is the development of diabetes and high cholesterol, which can turn into a heart disease. In some fast food items, there are harsh chemicals in which…

sudden changes in neurological status. An increase in temperature with increased oxygen consumption may result to increases intracranial pressure. The status of the midbrain and pons is mirrored by pupillary responses. Also, the function of the cranial nerves IX and X and protective mechanisms such as cough and gag reflexes may be compromised due to the pressure on the brainstem. The three signs, which include increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), increased pulse pressure and bradycardia is…

CORTICAL MAPPING USING MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS IN GLIOMA SURGERY INTRODUCTION The aim of glioma surgery is to get maximum resection of a tumor with minimal violation of normal brain tissue. A primary tenet of neurosurgical oncology is that survival can improve with greater tumor resection, but this principle must be tempered by the potential for functional loss after a radical removal. It has always been a challenge to achieve this ?functional? resection especially when eloquent cortex is…

You need to see something,” his peculiar attitude was beginning to get on Nel’s nerves. As the two continued through the scrapyard, Acadia 4’s suns slowly started to fall; now being able to comfortably see, Nels removed his glasses. After a few minutes, the two arrived at the drydock. After a close examination, Nels could see that…

Diagnosis: Pt is a 54 yo male who experienced a L ischemic MCA stroke and as a result, has functional limitations as well as expressive aphasia. The majority of pt’s current functional limitations are due to slow recovery from an ORIF of R Hip approximately 3 months ago. Chief Complaint: Pt experienced a L ischemic MCA stroke on the morning of 8/20/2014 which has negatively impacted motor function on R side and his ability to produce speech. Most recently on 07/10/16, pt twisted his R knee…