Lebanese Civil War

non-state, third-party actor as they do not represent the forces of a particular nation state. Over the last 30 years, Hezbollah has grown in size strategic location and expanded their motives and interests in proxy engagements to benefit the organization financially and to continue to legitimize their terrorist capacity on a global scale. Iran has used Hezbollah as its proxy army to hit not only Israel and its Western enemies, but also many Arab countries. Iran's revolutionary ideology has fed its hostility to other Muslim governments, which it seeks to overthrow and replace with radical allies. During the Iran-Iraq war, Iran used Hezbollah to launch terrorist attacks against Iraqi targets and against Arab states that sided with Iraq. Hezbollah launched numerous terrorist attacks against Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, which extended strong financial support to Iraq's war effort, and participated in several other terrorist operations in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. Iranian officials conspired with the Saudi branch of Hezbollah to conduct the 1996 Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia. Today, Hezbollah continues to cooperate with the Iranian Revolutionary Guard to destabilize Iraq, where both help train and equip the Mahdi Army, the radical anti-Western Shiite militia led by the militant cleric Moqtada al-Sadr. In addition to the direct threat Hezbollah poses to Arabic nations that currently work with the US and Europeans, it also poses an indirect threat by virtue…

authentic and pure version of Islam. ISIS has been striving for religious authenticity by repeatedly claiming and showing devotion to the religious text. In order to ensure authenticity, ISIS has been asserting, performing and defending its authenticity continuously (Hanieh, 2015). ISIS has been in tension with the House of Saud. This is because ISIS considers them as their enemy and aim in eliminating the monarchy who they perceived as pro American and unfit to be the ‘Guardian of the Two Holy…

they chose peace, not war, because they did not want to raise their children in a climate of fear and oppression.”, explains Joseph Wakim in…

language plays an important role in the maintenance and expression of group and cultural identity. In a multicultural society such as Australia, the development of ethnolects and ethnic varieties of English is inevitable as integration of ethnic minorities into mainstream society occur, especially in the case where the mother tongue is phased out in favour of English. This socio-linguistic phenomenon can be seen in the case of young Lebanese Australians who have adopted features of their mother…

America’s motivation for war, and the likelihood of America winning any such war with such meager manpower and lack of tactical reasoning. The following points are arranged in a comprehensible order, made so that the reader can confront the flaws in America’s plan to go to war with England with considerable ease. The first of such issues addressed is the utter lack of reason to go to war in the first place, followed by the incapability to go to war at the colonies’ current state, and concluded…

Scott Anderson’s novel, Triage, portrays the different effects that war and death can have on people. Mark, Joaquin, and Elena endure different experiences with war and death and are affected in different ways. Mark’s traumas originate from his time as a war photographer. His ability to capture war’s most grueling moments grants him the opportunity to shoot in many war-torn areas such as Beirut, Sri Lanka, Kurdistan, and Uganda. Mark’s first experience of war is in Beirut. He describes the…

what is about to come against the conspirators. In this piece, Antony begs pardon of Caesar’s dead body for having been nice to his murderers. He predicts that Caesar’s spirit will be ranging for revenge, and it will be followed by chaos and destruction of civil war in all of Italy. Antony is calling for revenge, as he wants the conspirators to pay up for what they have done to Caesar. He implies this by using an angry tone and connotation of aggressive words, the…

One Corpse Too Many is a mystery book by Ellis Peters and is the second book in the Chronicles of Brother Cadfael. The book is a murder mystery centered around an extra dead body amongst other dead bodies about to be buried. As there is no specific moral or theme highlighted in the book, I would say it’s not a great book for teaching a lesson. However, with the great characterization and way of immersing the reader into the setting, it is definitely a great book to read just for the sake of…

This panel demonstrated the importance of how an interdisciplinary approach to global issues, such as terrorism is pivotal if we want to fully understand the reasons behind these tactics of war. Moreover, it is in the intersection of these disciplines what will facilitate deeper understanding and greater communication of our global problems in the future. Thus, an interdisciplinary perspective provide us with the opportunity to draw from the best of all perspectives to maximize and increase our…

In that sense, authors like Miguel, Satyanath and Sergenti (2004) used a rainfall variation as an instrumental variable for economic growth in 41 African countries during 1981–99, to conclude that “growth is strongly negatively related to civil conflict: a negative growth and that the impact of growth shocks on conflict is not significantly different in richer, more democratic, or more ethnically diverse countries” (p. 275). For example in the case of Rwanda a country that has suffered the…