Council of Europe

The First Crusade began in 1096 after Pope Urban II’s speech at the Council of Clermont in 1095. One version of Urban’s Speech at Clermont was recorded by Fulcher de Chartes, a priest who also participated in the Crusades. While this version of Pope Urban II’s speech is one of the more reliable sources of the said speech, there is still a great chance for bias especially as Fulcher de Chartes was a crusader himself. This one speech, whether or not it was an accurate recording of what Pope Urban…

criticized the Knights’ ways. But that didn’t stop Hugh de Payns, a Knight Templar, went to Europe, campaigning for acceptance. He soon achieved it; in 1128, at the Council of Troyes, Bernard of Clairvaux vouched for them and expressed his support for the Order’s cause. There they were officially recognized by the papacy. This show of support was a huge step for the Templars. Many new troops flooded in from Europe; by 1170, the Order grew to 300, and in 1180 there were 600 in just…

Between the 1090’s and 1300, Europe bared witness to generationally occurring Holy Wars. The movements were, and still are, primarily deemed as Christian influenced persecutions, but if examined closer it is the use of propaganda and position that is found behind the push of the crusades. Holy men—who at times paired with ruling monarchs—pursued papal power and extended territories in the name of God. The corruption that poisoned the church was obvious to many who witnessed it and church…

Democratic Deficit The plurality of Eurosceptic people argue that the European Union has a democratic deficient and I believe they are correct. The EU is fairly removed from individual nation-state governments and lack of accountability results in the loss member-state soverignty (Coughlan 2004). A democratic deficit refers the involvement of citizens in decision-making, and it is a foundational part of a legitimate government (Follesdal and Hix 2006). As discussed earlier, EU law is…

After the introduction of the feudal system to Europe in the time of Charlemagne, it continued to flourish for centuries. Landlords took the place of monarch for many peasants and commoners, until around the ninth century A.D. when many places in Europe began establishing national monarchies, creating many of the modern European countries we are familiar with today. The creation of these consolidated kingdoms, along with the natural progression of social organization and technology, triggered…

The effects of the Genghis Khan Empire in medieval Europe The Mongols were primarily nomadic people, however, in the late 12th century, a ruler named Temujin was able to bring them together. Temujin incorporated different tribes into one and formed the Genghis Khan Empire. In 1209, the Genghis Khan Empire invaded northern china, and continued their invasion for the following decades; by 1279 the entire Chinese region would be under the Mongol rule. Under Temujin’s grandson, the Mongols spread…

really is Europe. There is no document directly stating what Europe is and which states are parts of it. Not knowing the boundaries and not having a concrete definition makes Europe an imagined community. Though such is the case, a lot of people still claim that they are European because they feel a sense of belongingness in a certain community (Europe). This could be due to their interrelated history or…

From Equality 7-2521 to Prometheus: The Transformation of the Protagonist in “Anthem” The protagonist in the novel “Anthem” by Ayn Rand undergoes three major transformations. These developments in the character are best exemplified by the character’s change in names. At the very beginning of the book, the hero of the story is identified by himself and all of his peers by the assigned title Equality 7-2521. After Equality meets his romantic interest, Liberty 5-3000, he receives a new name, the…

movement of many people was utilized instead, I believe the need for changes would have been realized quickly and intersection improvements made much faster. Another interesting learning point was the difference in communication the Pullman City Council and its officers had with me (as a sister) and the communication they had with a parent. Dialogue was much more compassionate with my mother and safety measures were outlined in a more detailed manner. Perhaps an example of implicit bias, it is…

“The Crusades - the most signal and most durable monument of human folly that has yet appeared in any age or nation.” (David Hume) Typically, historians question the events of history, how they happened, when they happened, or even if they happened. In the case of the Holy Crusades, however, the events, and how they occurred are not the source of contention amongst historians. Instead, the motivating factors that initiated the Holy Crusades are under scrutiny. Religion and its involvement…