Congenital heart defect

body systems and characterized by neonatal jaundice along with a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts on liver histology. It is also known as Alagille-Watson syndrome or arterio-hepatic dysplasia, and is caused by defects in the Notch signaling pathway. The disease affects the liver, heart, skeleton, eyes, kidneys, central nervous system, and is associated with characteristic facial features. (1, 2) The syndrome was first described by MacMahon and Thannhauser in 1949, who also characterized the…

which the heart develops outside of the thorax, alongside locations such as the chest, neck, or abdomen. This genetic disorder surfaces during the second trimester of pregnancy, and is discerned through an ultrasound. Abott was the first to discover Ectopia Cordis in 1898. The symptoms resulting from Ectopia Cordis include malformation of the heart, a cleft palate, spinal defects, and pulmonary atresia, or underdevelopment of the pulmonary valve. Depending on the position of the heart,…

of Fallot and the respiratory condition is Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Tertralogy of Fallot is a birth defect and affects normal blood flow. During development in the mother’s womb, the heart of the baby does not form correctly and this condition is the result. This condition is a congenital defect, meaning that the child is born with this condition. There are four defects of the heart and the blood…

Noonan syndrome is a condition that affects maNy areas of the body. It is characterized by mildly unusual facial features, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms. People with Noonan syndrome have distinctive facial features such as a deep groove in the area between the nose and mouth (philtrum), widely spaced eyes that are usually pale blue or blue-green in color, and low-set ears that are rotated backward. Affected individuals…

Alzheimer’s, COPD (chronic obstruction pulmonary disorder), diabetes, and heart disease are all common disease among most of the American population. A problem I have is that all of these diseases run in my family. All of my great-uncles passed away from Alzheimer’s disease. My father passed away from heart disease and diabetes. My brother currently suffers from a congenital heart defect that he regulates with medication. My mother suffers from COPD and is trying to manage it with new medication…

Maternal Residential Atrazine Exposure and Male Genital Malformations by Agopian in 2012 is one study that examines an herbicide, atrazine, in relation to birth defects of male genital development. Atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, with teratogenic effects suggested for multiple classifications of birth defects (Winston et al., 2016). Agriculturally, atrazine has an estimated half-life of a few weeks to several months, and is used to control broadleaf weeds…

The narrowing keeps the valve from operating properly by not allowing the valve to fully open. With the aortic valve not working correctly, it causes extra stress on the valve. Since the heart has extra stress on it, the blood flow is often reduced. The blood that cannot make it through the aorta causes the heart to work harder in order to supply the body with the correct amount of blood that the…

puffy face, muscle weakness, aches, tenderness, and stiffness, elevated blood cholesterol level, slowed heart rate, depression, impaired memory, and many more. When a case of hypothyroidism turns severe, it is known as myxedema, which can be life-threatening. Constant stimulation of the thyroid can make matters worse, by causing the thyroid to become enlarged. Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to heart…

What conditions contribute to turbulent blood flow or heart murmurs. Turbulent blood flow occurs as blood moves through narrowed or leaking valves producing a swooshing sound over the precordium and a high heart rate combine with narrowing, causing the heart to handle a larger amount of blood flow than normal; the basis is increased blood velocity, structural valve malfunction, or atypical chambers. Some pathological causes of heart murmurs are anemia, high blood pressure, overactive thyroid…

most adults die from heart disease (Health in the Later Years, 2013). According to the American Heart Association (2013) an estimated 83.6 million American adults have 1 or more types of CVD, and of those 42.2 million are estimated to be age sixty and up. Heart disease affects people of all ages, however it is most prominent in adults age sixty-five and up. Cardiovascular disease and heart disease are terms that cover an array of diseases and conditions all relating to the heart and its…