Conjunctiva

Many patients who present with viral conjunctivitis must have had contact with someone with conjunctivitis, a recent upper respiratory infection, or both (Azari & Barney, 2013). Viral conjunctivitis signs and symptoms are conjunctival hyperemia, watery discharge, and ocular irritation with tender and palpable preauricular nodes (Coyle, 2014). The examiner suspected viral conjunctivitis as a possible diagnosis due to the watery discharge. Upon physical examination of Sherry’s preauricular nodes, they were non tender, non-palpable, and her conjunctiva were not hyperemia. Therefore, in the absence of tender, non- palpable preauricular nodes, injected conjunctiva and unilateral onset, the examiner ruled out viral conjunctivitis in this…

erythema and lacrimation without any mucoid or purulent discharges or visible FB under the lids. Nasal turbinates are pale and boggy with mild to moderate edema and clear nasal drainage. No lymphadenopathy. Respirations non-labored with clear breath sounds bilaterally. Differential Diagnosis: Diagnosis #1 Allergic conjunctivitis Is a hypersensitivity reaction of the conjunctiva caused by contact with an allergen such as pollen, grass, dust, etc. resulting in inflammation of the ocular and…

Viral conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the clear membrane that covers the white part of your eye (conjunctiva). The inflammation is caused by a virus. The inflammation can also happen on the underside of your eyelids. The blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, causing the eye to become red or pink, and often itchy. Viral conjunctivitis can be easily passed from one person to another (contagious). CAUSES Viral conjunctivitis is caused by a virus. A virus is a type of germ and can…

In adults, N. gonorrhoeae infections are primarily contracted through sexual contact. The main infection-sites are urethral mucous membranes in men and the endocervix and urethra in women, but the oropharynx, conjunctiva, and rectum can also be infected. Transmission to neonates during birth can cause conjunctivitis (Thadepalli H, et al 1976). The incubation period is typically 1-7 days, even though it may vary. Clinical gonorrhea is manifested by a broad spectrum of clinical presentations…

trachomatis is the causative agent of multiple diseases and trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world. This pathogen multiples in cells of the conjunctiva and kills them which triggers a large amount of pus discharge that scars the conjunctiva. The scars then causes an individual’s eyelids to turn inward, such that the eyelashes scratch, irritate, and eventually scar the cornea. Chlamydia microorganisms are small, gram-negative cocci that grow and reproduce within the…

Loiasis is called the African eye worm. It is caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa. This disease is transmitted by horseflies breeding in the forests of West and Central Africa. Loiasis gets its name from the well-known sign which is the visible passing of the Loa loa worm through the eye. Day to day the disease has receives little to no attention. Loiasis considered as a barrier to other disease control efforts. This is so because individuals with a large amount of Loa loa larvae in the blood…

Table 1 - WHO simplified grading system for trachoma ACTIVE STAGE (infectious) GRADE CLINICAL SIGNS TF Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular Presence of 5 or more follicles of >0.5mm in diameter on the upper tarsal conjunctiva TI Trachomatous Inflammation – Intense Presence of pronounced inflammatory thickening of the upper tarsal conjunctiva obscuring more than half of the normal deep tarsal vessels CHRONIC STAGE (non-infectious) TS Trachomatous conjunctival Scarring Presence of…

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, ulceroglandular tularemia is “the most common syndrome, accounting for between 42% and 75% of all cases of tularemia,” (Harik, 2013). The next type of tularemia syndrome is glandular tularemia. The portal of entry is unknown but it is suggested that skin is a possibility, it presents itself similarly to ulceroglandular tularemia, the difference is, glandular is most common in children. The next syndrome is oropharyngeal, which is most commonly…

The ocular diseases include trachoma and conjunctivitis. C.trachomatis is “the most common reportable communicable disease in the United States, and is a major cause of genital tract and ocular infections worldwide”(American Journal of Nursing, 2015). Trachoma is the leading cause of blindness in the world. It is a highly contagious infection and is prevalent in Africa and Asia. Trachoma causes conjunctivitis that results in scarring of the conjunctiva as well as the cornea. It also results in…

within 2 hrs. Patient complained of tenderness, pain, swelling, and decrease range of motion. Patient was conscious and cooperative. He denies history of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, hepatitis, tuberculosis or any infectious disease, no drugs allergic history, no blood transfusion, and any hereditary disease. At the time of admission, patient had severe pain, bruise over left thigh and difficulty in moving left leg. On physical examination, vitals are: T: 37.5 degree C, pulse 90b/m, R…