Congress Poland

The 1905 Revolution began on January 9th, or “Bloody Sunday” when a group of demonstrating workers with grievances for the Tsar were fired on by troops For Fitzpatrick, the causes of the fall of tsarism were both social and economic. In her understanding the fall of Tsarism was essentially inevitable. She writes, “The regime was so vulnerable to any kind of jolt or setback that it is hard to imagine that it could have survived long, even without the [First World] War.” The faults of the system, in her interpretation, were built into society. Fitzpatrick argues that even the Tsar saw the changes coming. The tsarist system, she writes, weakened the reforms that Tsar Nicholas II put in place. Even though he established the Duma, Fitzpatrick explains, “The old arbitrary habits of autocratic rule and the continued activity of the secret police undermined these concessions.” After emancipation, the peasants were “living with one foot in the traditional village world and the other in the quite different world of the modern industrial town.” It was difficult to “transition to independent small-farming” and many would temporarily leave the villages for industrial work. Fitzpatrick emphasizes the revolutionary nature of the peasants and their likely contribution the revolutionary spirit of the working class. The Russian intelligentsia also contributed to political change. She explains that they did not see themselves “as elite, but rather as a classless group united by moral…

The opposition in Russia opposed to Tsar Nicholas II autocratic style of before 1905 can be categorised into two main groups: Revolutionaries and Reformers (liberals). In turn the revolutionaries can be further divided into three distinct groups: Populists, Social Democrats and Social Revolutionaries. It has long been debated how much of a danger they posed to the tsardom, before 1905, which is what I shall be discussing. The Populists, who dated back to the 1870s, regarded that Russia’s future…

the staggering human toll of the Holocaust. Few Jewish children survived. In killing centers and concentration camps across Europe, systematic murder, abuse, disease, and medical experiments took many lives. Of the estimated 216,000 Jewish youngsters deported to Auschwitz, only 6,700 teenagers were selected for forced labor; nearly all the others were sent directly to the gas chambers. When the camp was liberated on January 27, 1945, Soviet troops found just 451 Jewish children among the 9,000…

Hitler invaded Poland because he wanted to regain some of the territory Germany lost World War I . He captured Poland by using a battle strategy called “Blitzkrieg,” a strategy where they first perform bombing runs in the air, knocking out railroads, communication lines, and weapons depot. Then, the ground troops would come in with tanks, infantry, and artillery, killing off the rest of any resistance. The Polish Army was unable to defend against Hitler’s Army because they were under-equipped.…

powers occur. He looked more specifically at the Congress of Vienna, reported on what it took for Europe to establish a framework for the country relationships. Although his paper explores the factual events that took place, he looked at what happened on a deeper level as well. On this deeper level we find what he believes to be what allowed the Congress of…

Many books have been written about the WW2 in many perspectives and mainly focusing on Poland. However, this breathtaking and remarkable diary of a young boy at war written by Julian Kulski who describes the life situation and struggles that Poland undertook under the invasion of the Germans and the Soviet Union. In this book Julian Kulski writes about the unfolding war through his eyes and how he witnessed the war at its brutal times. From the age of 10 to the age of 16 Kulski was fighting for…

63). In the case of Poland, war had a devastating effect on their social system and political system. With the end of the war came the collapse of the gentry and the intelligentsia in Poland. As a result of this, Poland was extremely weak for any form of resistance against the Soviets. This then made it easy for the Soviets to come in and take over. Not only was the collapse of Poland’s social classes harmful but the end of the war brought a sense of hopelessness to the citizens of Poland. …

most of Poland and occupied Soviet territory. Shipment to the east proved impossible as well, for “lack of transportation facilities” (DI SCALA 430). Prisoners were used as slave labor in camps. Slave laborers were also sent to Germany to work in factories and on farms. To meet the goal of eradicating Jews, the Germans created the Einsatzgruppen, special police units to murder Jews and intellectuals” (DI SCALA 422). Four of these police units were established in anticipation for an attack from…

Art Spiegelman’s Maus, is a two-part graphic novel about the journey of his father who is a Jewish Holocaust survivor. Throughout the novel, Artie’s father Vladek recounts the events of his life prior to and during the Holocaust. Art also displays his conversations with his father,displaying how the tragedy that he survived has changed his father in many ways most of them negative. Maus emphasizes the lifelong effects that a situation as drastic as the Holocaust has on the family dynamic, the…

like the provisional government. 8. Who were the Soviets, and why were they so popular among Russians at the time? The soviets became very popular to the Russians because they offered what the provisional government would not, Land and peace. The soviets took control and there offers were something the people of Russia could not run away from. The soviets popularity grew increasingly fast. Soviets in villages and cities were doing demonstrations and rioting. The soviets got control of all of…