Congenital heart defect

specific metabolites like AMP, H+, and K+. Consequently, an increase in blood flow accords with a higher cardiac output that is determined by heart rate and stroke volume. At high work rate, cardiac output (amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute) composed by the product of stroke volume (amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat) and heart rate can reach up to 90% of theoretical maximum value as well as having moderate to high increases in blood pressure. (Burton et al.,…

cause extreme internal bleeding in the abdomen. Nandrolone can also decrease HDL, which is good cholesterol, and increase LDL which is the bad. Since the ratio for LDL will be higher than HDL, this will increase the risk of arteriosclerosis and other heart diseases. Wild mood swings may also occur which is commonly known as “steroid rage”. Growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and it is used to increase growth in children and adolescents. This hormone is widely found in a number of…

occur and the blood that leaves the lungs is now oxygenated and can be transported to the systemic circulation after traveling back through the heart and leaving the left ventricle. Within the systemic circulation, oxygenated blood is not only transported systemically, but wastes are removed from tissues and then returned to the right side of the heart for the pulmonary circulation to start its cycle again. In the pulmonary and systemic circulation systems, there are different types of blood…

Coronary artery disease (CAD; also more simply referred to as coronary heart disease) is a specific type of atherosclerosis, which is in turn a form of arteriosclerosis (Dulson, Fraser, LeDrew, & Vavitas, 2011). All of these medical conditions entail the same problem, which hinders proper blood flow of oxygenated blood in the arteries: the sclerosis (that is, hardening) of arteries in the circulatory system (Sclerosis [medicine], 2016). Arteriosclerosis is a general term used to describe the…

countries is a heart attack. It growing in recent years, and it creeps toward young people. Whereas, from several years ago we have watched a heart attack infect people in the sixties and seventies, it is now infecting people in the twenties. Also in all age groups, men are more at risk of heart attack than women, but if women reached menopause, they may be equal with men in incidence because estrogen has been the protector of the heart, and it will be cut off after menopause. A heart attack can…

Exercising can reduce the risk of health problems and even death later in life. From lifting weights to aerobic exercise, such as running and jumping rope, health improves all throughout the body. Exercising helps prevent many health risks such as heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and gallbladder disease. While it helps to reduce the risks of…

creates an imbalance of acid. To compensate with this imbalance the body speeds up its breathing taking in more oxygen and it also speed up the heart allowing the oxygen to be transported to the muscle faster. The human body cannot keep up with this for long. Eventually the heart and lungs reach their maximum work efforts and it can only neutralize the lactic acid for a short period of time. This buildup of lactic acid is what causes the muscles to feel fatigued and soar the next day. Once the…

During my first day shift in SINU, my preceptor nurse helped orient me to the floor. After meeting one patient, we were informed of a new admission that we would be taking care of. I was able to listen to Emergency Department nurse give report to my preceptor over the phone. I had the opportunity to go with the charge nurse to transport the new admission from the Emergency Department to our unit. Upon our arrival back to SINU, we transferred the patient from the stretcher to the bed, performed a…

Heart Disease in Women and their Unique Symptoms of a Heart Attack Introduction: Heart attacks are a very serious condition of the human body that require immediate attention. Heart attacks are known in the medical community as myocardial infarctions: myo- means muscle, cardio- means heart, -al means pertaining to; infarct means death of tissue (med term book). The parts come together as: tissue death pertaining to heart muscle (med term book). Each year, around one and half million cases of…

Non-ST Segment Elevation Heart Attack A heart attack occurs when a blood vessel on the surface of the heart (coronary artery) is blocked and interrupts blood supply to the heart muscle. This causes that area of the heart muscle to permanently scar. This blockage may be caused by cholesterol buildup (atherosclerotic plaque) within a coronary artery. The plaque cracks which creates a rough surface where blood cells attach, forming a clot. Chest discomfort that happens with exertion and goes away…