Cerebrum

7 cranial nerve pairs out of 12 pairs in human nervous system function more or less in speech or hearing; these are the cranial nerves V (Trigeminal), VII (Facial), VIII (Vestibulocochlear), IX (Glossopharyngeal), X (Vagus), XI (Spinal Accessory), and XII (Hypoglossal). These have particular roles other than assisting speech or hearing. Furthermore, most clinical tests for cranial nerve functions neither are recommended to be performed by speech and hearing pathologists, nor are they related to…

Brain Development (Ages 2-6) Scientist and psychologist agree, that the first three years of life are critical in a child’s brain development, however it is now known that the first six years of a child’s life has a major impact of their mental health, and behaviors for the rest of their lives. Why is this you important might ask? From birth to six years of age, a child’s brain is rapidly developing and increasing in size and weight. By two years of age a child’s brain weighs seventy-five…

The human brain, just like all the other parts of our body is unique. It gives us the power to speak, think and to solve problems. It works by using the electrical and chemical process to take in, organize, interpret, store and use information. The nervous system is divided into central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord and they are the decision makers of the body. Sensory information gathering and action transmission occurs…

Description of Research Any injury or damage to your brain can result in devastating motor or cognitive lost. The extent of this lost typically depends on the amount of damage caused and the point of injury. After receiving a brain injury, the most severe form of motor disability someone can have is Locked-in syndrome (LIS) (Pistoia et al., 2016). “It is the consequence of ventral brainstem damage as a result of vascular or traumatic lesions disconnecting corticospinal and corticobulbar…

Three researcher identified 3,105 peer reviewed articles through database search. We narrowed and assessed 15 articles out of those 3,105 to address the research questions presented in this systematic review. The primary exclusion criteria articles published after 1990. Table 1 summarizes the study characteristics. Anderson, Damasio, Kilma, Bellugi & Brandt (1991) observed three patients with aphasia who were taught how to fingerspell. Out of all of the patients, two patients were able to…

Annotated Bibliography Henna Awan Florida State College at Jacksonville HSC4730 Dr. James Stittsworth 10/11/2015 Roher, A. E., Cribbs, D. H., Kim, R. C., Maarouf, C. L., Whiteside, C. M., Kokjohn, T. A., et al. (2013). Bapineuzumab alters aβ composition: implications for the amyloid cascade hypothesis and anti-amyloid immunotherapy. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e59735. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059735 The neurological changes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) heavily support the amyloid cascade…

1 Central Nervous System Communication As stated by the website, umaine.edu, agenesis of the corpus callosum is a rare birth defect, a lifelong brain abnormality, in which there is a complete or partial absence of the corpus callosum. This occurs when the corpus callosum, which is the band of white matter connecting the two hemispheres in the brain, fails to develop normally, typically during pregnancy. The types of behavioral changes that would occur because of this failure to develop are…

The other part of the hindbrain is the metencephalon. There are two major parts in the metencephalon, the pons and the cerebellum. The pons lies in the brainstem directly above the medulla and contains nuclei that control sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder function, equilibrium, eye movement, facial expressions, and posture (Siegel and Sapru 2010). The pons relays sensory information to the cerebellum and to the thalamus. The pons regulates breathing through particular nuclei that regulate…

The lateralization of brain function refers to how some functions, or cognitive processes tend be more dominant in one hemisphere than the other (Sperry, 1968). The medial longitudinal fissure splits the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, joined by the corpus callosum (Gray, 1985). The two hemispheres demonstrate strong, but not comprehensive, bilateral symmetry in both structure and performance. Handedness is not a single variable, but can be placed in a spectrum of 4 separate…

Moving into adulthood, Lupien, McEwen, Gunnar, and Heim (2009) delineated the effects of acute stress versus chronic stress on the brain and behavior. Acute stressors depends on the level of glucocorticoid elevations. Small increases result in enhanced hippocampus-mediated learning and memory, where larger, prolonged elevations impair hippocampal function. Chronic stress causes dendritic atrophy in the rodent’s hippocampal CA 3 pyramidal neurons. Chronic stress can inhibit neurogenesis in the…