Carcinoma in situ

In situ carcinoma In situ carcinomas are malignant epithelial growths that are limited to the acini, terminal ductules, or ductal system of the breast without invasion into the surrounding breast stroma. (25) 1) Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): also known as intraductal carcinoma is considered noninvasive or pre-invasive breast cancer, DCIS means a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells, confined to the lumen of ducts. In situ carcinomas were divided into three grades: comedocarcinoma has been placed in grade 3. Solid, cribriform and micropapillary carcinomas were designated as grade 1 and classified as grade 2 if they had intermediate cytomorphology. (54) Comedocarcinoma: is grossly, thick walled ducts filled with…

A quote to highlight the misuse of medical ethics is “TeLinde disagreed— he believed carcinoma in situ was simply an early stage of invasive carcinoma that, if left untreated, eventually became deadly. So he treated it aggressively, often removing the cervix, uterus, and most of the vagina” (Skloot 165). This was unethical because there was no proven way to tell if this was the best treatment method, he did it just because he thought it was best. This is an example of a doctor using his own…

(T) - Tumor Size This classification is divided into Tx, T0, Tis, T1, T2, T3 and T4. Tx referes to a condition where it is not possible to evaluate a central tumor. T0 is related to the abscence of an evidence of a primary tumor. Tis, if it is considered to be a carcinoma in situ (restricted to the pancreactic duct cells first layers). T1, the tumor is confined to the pancreas and is 2cm or less. T2, the cancer is confined to the pancreas but is bigger than 2 cm. T3, the cancer has grown inside…

Cancer is rapidly spreading in the world especially in low income countries ( ). Cervical cancer is cancer of cervix ( ). Cervical cancer causes due to abnormal growth of cervix cells which spreads in to other body parts ( ). Initially there are no typical symptoms, later starts pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding and pain during intercourse( ). In 90% cases papillomavirus (HPV) caused this cancer( , , ). Smoking, weak immune system birth control pills sex in very young age, multiple sex partners are…

of the cancer returning or spreading to other organs and becoming life threatening may increase once it has spread to the lymph nodes. Prior to the surgical procedure, a nurse should educate the patient about possible complications of the surgery. Inform the patient of risk for long term bladder dysfunction, lymphedema, the development of lymph cysts and sexual dysfunction. In addition, the nurse should explain what the patient should expect afterwards. Hopefully this will decrease some of the…

CHAPTER 2.LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Definition The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb). It is sometimes called the uterine cervix. It connects the body of uterus to the vagina. The part of the cervix inside the cervix canal is called endocervix. The part on the outside is called the ectocervix. Most cervical cancers start where these two parts meet. There are two main types, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Occasionally, mixed carcinomas,…

Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma In 2011, an estimated 1300 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed in Canada, with about 350 deaths stated by the Canadian Cancer Society (as cited in CMAJ, 2013). Cervical cancer is a disease that can be very serious. It is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide. To properly care for these patient’s nurses should have a strong knowledge and understanding about the pathophysiology, risk factors, stages, treatments, and nursing…

nanoparticles in samples were visualised. Bio-distribution of nanoparticles in samples was also observed by the confocal fluorescence microscopy, hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging for confirmation purpose1. Bioluminescence observation suggested a significant proportion of samples were successfully labelled with nanodots and they can be clearly visualised in all three different experimental conditions: in vitro (labelled spermatozoa and oocytes),…

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Primary tumours of the trachea and carina are uncommon. Histiocytoma is the term used for tumors with spindle cell or combined spindle cell and large mononuclear cell composition in association with a fibrous appearance. Tumors of the histiocytic series are known tumors of the respiratory tract however not many cases have been reported so far. They have been reported in the bronchial tree and lungs, but their occurrence in the trachea is rare. Diagnosis and pathologic…

statistical analysis was performed in the study. This analysis allowed for further methods, rankings, models, probabilities and other types of analysis to interpret or simulate the survival of the individual. In the results section, it provides a little background on the median age. As well it mentions that men where the majority of the patients. In addition, it provides data on the number of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas (LCCs) with the information…