ways and ingestion of excess minerals (such as phosphate) poses health threats such as gastrointestinal illness, neurological disorders and reproductive issues [1]. Phosphate in drinking water is one of many minerals monitored through solution sampling. Performing a serial dilution process with the use of an indicator and a blank (composed of ammonium vanadomolybdate indicator and distilled water) as a reference,…
1. (4 points) The results below were obtained from a use-dilution test of two disinfectants. Cultures were inoculated into tubes with varying concentrations of disinfectants and incubated for 24 hr at 20°C, then subculture in nutrient media without disinfectants. (+ = growth; - = no growth) Disinfectant 1 Disinfectant 2 Concentration Initial Subculture Initial Subculture Most concentrated 1:10 - + - - 1:90 + + - - 1:900 + + - - 1:90,000 + + - - 1:900,000 + + - + 1:9,000,000 + + - +…
Conclusion This work describes the development of colloidal systems of Diclofenac sodium. The interest of these Diclofenac sodium loaded colloidal systems was evidenced by the fact that they significantly prolonged the release of Diclofenac sodium. These colloidal systems released their drug content rapidly upon dilution. The similar behavior of the three systems indicates that the colloidal nature of the systems is the key factor responsible for their positive behavior. In conclusion, the…
US homeopathic market. The OTC homeopathic drug products in US the established annual sales are around $ 75 million and exploring up to 15-20% annually. In 1988, the first volume of Homeopathic Pharmacopeia convention of US(HPUS) is established by Homeopathic pharmacopeia Revision services. The monography of Drug substances in Hus are considered in official standard Drug in current food, drug & cosmetic Act & code of federal Regulation (CFR). Homeopathic remedies are recognized as drug by FDA.…
incredibly useful tool in analyzing the structure and composition of compounds. Specifically, the principles of absorption, the process by which an electron absorbs radiation to excite from a lower energy state to a higher energy state, and fluorescence, the emission of photons when a material is subjected to radiation, allow for the identification and analysis of unknown concentrations of compounds.1 With that being said, the purpose of this experiment is to spectroscopically assess the…
Lysate”. The objective for this lab was to find the dilution and volume needed for making the bacteria grow on the Agar plate. The Materials for this lab are a calculator and scrap paper. There were no materials needed for this lab session. The protocol for lab number 14 is to calculate the estimated number of phage forming units. Use a ruler to estimate the diameter in millimeters of the plaque and plate. Divided by one half to find the radii, then use this equation: 3.14•r2, to calculate…
selective plating method. Materials and Methods Conjugation- Escherichia coli F′ lac+ strs donor and F- lac- strr recipient strains were obtained and grown to mid-log phase (A540~= 0.1). A milliliter of each strain was pipetted into a sterile culture tube and incubated at 37°C for 90 minutes, akkowing conjugation to take place. A series of dilutions in lysogeny broth were performed to reach the final dilution of for the recipient and donor strains. After incubation of the conjugation…
portion of the lab. The first step was the enumeration of bacterial cells from the water sample through a viable count spread plate which would show the number of colony forming units per ml of the original sample. This was done to obtain an idea of how many living bacterial cells were present in the water sample. The enumeration of bacterial cells began with a serial dilution of the water sample from the Lafayette River. The dilution began by using three tubes, one tube contained no diluent…
The mortality rate gradually decreased from 40%, 40%, 20%, 20%, to 0%. This supports the hypothesis because the greater dilutions had a higher mortality rate while the smaller dilutions had lower mortality rates. However, the upstream data was also convincing. The greatest dilution, 1:4, had a mortality rate of 80%, which is greater than on site. This could be considered an outlier because it seems random compared to the rest of the upstream dilution rates. However, the smaller dilutions, other…
In this experiment, three strains of tetracycline resistant E. Coli were tested. First, the bacteria were diluted via serial dilution in order to more accurately count and quantify the bacteria. To ensure that the three different strains of bacteria are not cross contaminated, label everything either Farm A, Farm B, or Farm C depending on what is being tested. There are six agar plates for each farm, three of the plates are tetracycline plates (which are labeled) and three are unlabeled. For…