In situ

The difficulty of mining oil sands varies depending on the location of the oil sands. Oil sands deposits that are less than about 250 feet below the surface can be removed using conventional strip-mining methods. The strip-mining process includes removal of the overburden, excavation of the resource, and transportation to a processing facility. Nearly all mined bitumen is currently upgraded to synthetic crude oil. Oil sands extraction processes are generally divided into two categories: mining and in situ operations. Only 20% of Alberta's bitumen reserves are close enough to the surface to be mined. The remainder can only be feasibly extracted in-situ using steam. Although in-situ bitumen extraction traditionally had very low recovery rates,…

nanoparticles in samples were visualised. Bio-distribution of nanoparticles in samples was also observed by the confocal fluorescence microscopy, hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging for confirmation purpose1. Bioluminescence observation suggested a significant proportion of samples were successfully labelled with nanodots and they can be clearly visualised in all three different experimental conditions: in vitro (labelled spermatozoa and oocytes),…

In situ carcinoma In situ carcinomas are malignant epithelial growths that are limited to the acini, terminal ductules, or ductal system of the breast without invasion into the surrounding breast stroma. (25) 1) Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): also known as intraductal carcinoma is considered noninvasive or pre-invasive breast cancer, DCIS means a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells, confined to the lumen of ducts. In situ carcinomas were divided into three grades:…

antibody (1:200 dilution, Vectastain Elite ABC kit, Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA) prepared based on the instruction from the manufacturer. The sections were then washed 15 min by 4 times and incubated with diluted Vectastain Elite ABC reagent made up following the manual for 1.5 hours. The sections were visualized with ImmPACTTMVIP peroxidase substrate kit (Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA) according to the manual and examined under a bright field microscope. The…

A quote to highlight the misuse of medical ethics is “TeLinde disagreed— he believed carcinoma in situ was simply an early stage of invasive carcinoma that, if left untreated, eventually became deadly. So he treated it aggressively, often removing the cervix, uterus, and most of the vagina” (Skloot 165). This was unethical because there was no proven way to tell if this was the best treatment method, he did it just because he thought it was best. This is an example of a doctor using his own…

Most gynecologic oncologists use the FIGO (International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians) classification. The disease is divided into five stages, with further divisions in each stage. A carcinoma in situ is Stage 0. In Stage I, the cancer is confined to the cervix. When the disease spreads beyond the cervix but not to the pelvic sidewall, or involves the vagina but not the lower third, this is considered Stage II. Stage III carcinoma spreads to the pelvic sidewall, involves the…

CHAPTER 2.LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Definition The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb). It is sometimes called the uterine cervix. It connects the body of uterus to the vagina. The part of the cervix inside the cervix canal is called endocervix. The part on the outside is called the ectocervix. Most cervical cancers start where these two parts meet. There are two main types, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Occasionally, mixed carcinomas,…

mention, they participate in internships at animals sanctuaries, animals camps, and veterinary hospitals. When handling these exotic animals, zookeepers do it with care as they were trained to so. These zookeepers maintain the animals’ habitat and also engage them in activities. Care has improved a lot over the last few decades mostly because of the improvement in education that zookeepers attain. They now understand that animals need to be kept busy and active in order to prevent boredom and…

several molecular genetic tests for NF1: Comprehensive multistep mutation detection, Genomic DNA sequence analysis, Deletion/ duplication analysis, and Cytogenetic analysis. The comprehensive multistep mutation detection protocol has been effective in detecting 95% of individuals with a pathogenic NF1 variant while Genomic sequencing, deletion/duplication analysis, and Cytogenetic analysis have only been able to detect a defect in the NF1 gene in 61%, 5%, and less than 1% of individuals. The…

animals, across 22 different zoos, were analyzed to determine reproductive success and overall species population health. Data demonstrated a positive growth curve for 107 of the species examined, with a 0.0281 median rate of population increase per year, while only 17 species (14.4%) demonstrated a negative growth curve (Alroy, 2015). Although growth rates are indicative of declining, or increasing population, they can be misleading if taken at a superficial level. Populations of certain…