C-reactive protein

repression of negative regulators of STATs phosphorylation, e.g. phosphatases, suppressors of cytokine signaling or protein inhibitors of activated STATs [47, 48].…

facilitate elimination of reactive oxygen species from the body.…

1.5. Enzyme-Polysaccharide Interactions Proteins and enzymes have become an integral part of many industrial processes as well as being applied both in cosmetics and in therapeutics. Due to advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering, mass production of protein and enzymes has become feasible. Use of enzymes is environmentally friendly as they catalyse reactions under mild conditions against polluting inorganic catalysts which works in the extremes of pH and temperature. However, this can…

2.8.4 Properties The application of carrageenan as food additive depends on its performance such as forming thick solution or gels. For example, κ− carrageenan forms strong and rigid gels with potassium salts, forms brittle gels with calcium salts, clears gel with sugar addition, and exhibits syneresis. On the other hand, ι− carrageenan forms elastic gels with calcium salts, clears gel with no syneresis, and creates a gel that is freeze/thaw stable, while λ− carrageenan is not gel-forming but…

unique effects of the hormone take place through IGF1R, which, when activated, triggers a chemical sequence called the AKT pathway. This process, revolving around a protein called AKT, has significant effects on the life and death of the cell. iii. A chemical resemblance to insulin also allows IGF-1 to active the insulin receptor. This protein triggers a process that ultimately causes a cell to take in more glucose from the bloodstream. iv. Pro-inflammatory cytokines seem to dampen several…

required for invasive tumor growth and metastasis. Because angiogenesis sets an important point in the control of tumor progression, its inhibition is considered a valuable therapeutic approach for tumor treatment. Chronic liver disease including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main cause for the development of hepatic angiogenesis and thereby plays a critical role in the modulation of hepatic angiogenesis that finally leads to hepatocellular carcinoma progression and…

layers and presence of polymorphic cells in subgranular zone of ectal limb of dentate gyrus [30]. Astrocyte damage has been shown to be associated with myelin disintegration in the central nervous system. The modulation in the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin-associated glycoprotein and neurofilament (NF) are reported to be associated with arsenite toxicity. It also upregulate vacuolated axons, especially those are present in the corpus-callosum region [31]. Oxidative stress…

traumatic cellular insult typically have damaged DNA. PARP will deplete cellular ATP in an attempt to repair the massive damage to DNA. Several proteases are activated by increased cellular calcium ion concentration that degraded important cellular proteins. (888) Necrosis is not nearly as regulated as apoptosis but there are a few steps that indicate necrosis is a programmed mechanism. The permanent opening of the MPTP by increased calcium concentration…

A membrane is defined as a thin sheet, film, or layer, which works as a selective barrier between two phases that can be liquid or gas.113 In other words, a membrane is an interface between two adjacent phases acting as a selective barrier, regulating the transport between the two components.114 Membranes have gained an important place in chemical technology and are used in a broad range of applications.115,116,117 The key property that is exploited is the ability of a membrane to control the…

Treated fillets were dried at 4 °C for 5 hours under aseptic conditions, and were placed in zip bags and kept in the refrigerator for 16 days (Ojagh, Rezaei, Razavi, and Hosseini 2010) (Table 1). Total fat was extracted, according to Bligh and Dyer on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 of refrigerated…