BRCA2

(breast cancer, 2015, para. 3) Inherited mutations can increase a women’s chance of breast cancer. 12% of the public develop breast cancer, a woman who has the inherited gene BRCA1/BRCA2 has a 60% chance of developing the disease. Hilgart (2012, p.15) states that there is a 40%-60% chance of developing breast cancer for women who have inherited the BRCA 1 or 2 mutation in their lifetime. Kay (2013, p. 1) states in younger women having…

Cultural Identity Growing up, I learned that my family and I come from various cultures and backgrounds, which I thought was extremely unique. I concluded that my culture was unique because it was different from my friends that I grew up with because we were all different ethnicities. My race that I identity with is Caucasian and my ethnicities that I identity with are Swiss, Italian, German, and Native American. I grew up in Soledad, California, which is mainly populated by Hispanics so I knew…

When a person has pancreatic cancer, their alkaline phosphate, glucose, and bilirubin levels may be elevated. For a definite diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, a pancreatic biopsy is necessary. If the cancer causes a secondary pancreatitis, the patient’s lipase and amylase levels are also elevated. They may look at a patient’s blood clotting time because thrombophlebitis is a possible symptom. CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen test, may be done to confirm the presence of cancer as the normal levels…

The ovary plays a very important role in the female reproductive system. The ovaries are two small almond shape organ located in the pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries are responsible for storing and releasing the ova and producing female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Normally in the body, the ovary will grow new cells and the old cell will die. However, if the cells are growing out of control within the body it will cause an overgrowth. The overgrowth of…

family members develop the disease, it does not necessarily mean they shared the genes that make them more vulnerable, because breast cancer is a relatively common cancer.The majority of breast cancers are not hereditary.Women who carry the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a considerably higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. These genes can be inherited. TP53, another gene, is also linked to greater breast cancer risk.Women who have had breast cancer, even non-invasive cancer, are…

developed baby. Often parents abort pregnancies when they find out their baby has a detrimental disease or disability (Hughes). Cancer is one of the top three causes of death in the United States. Many types of cancers are genetic, such as the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes for breast cancer (Robertson). Preimplantation genetic diagnosis can help to prevent many of these possible offspring from having to suffer through chemotherapy and loom near death. The CBS television show Sunday Morning did a story…

Thousands of women have shared their experiences, one being Misty Mclean-Schurbon. She was diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 37. Her oncologist suggested a double mastectomy, due to being positive with BRCA2 mutation. The doctor informed her about different types of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Giving her pamphlets of the different types of reconstruction to read on. She was scared and wouldn’t consider those options, until a physical therapist…

Cancer occurs when cells begin to grow uncontrollably. With people having cells throughout their body, this means that you can get cancer anywhere in your body. Cancer can also spread to different areas of your body. Cancer is not a contagious disease. However, cancer can be genetic or it can be by not keeping your body healthy. Cancer normally is a very long process. Sometimes it has a positive outcome and sometimes it has a negative outcome. If it has a negative outcome from cancer, then that…

have a likelihood to be cancerous later on in life. It should however be noted that just because one is born with cancer causing genetic mutations, it does not necessarily mean they will definitely have cancer. An example of these are the BRCA1 and BRCA2 which are breast cancer gene mutations that increase the chance of a woman with such genes to develop breast cancer unlike one without these genes. Poor immune systems also makes one more susceptible to certain types of cancers. People who…

Breast cancer in females TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION ? Malignancy that develops in the cells of the breast which proliferates uncontrollably; most commonly ductal and lobular carcinoma ? Diagnosis requires a tissue biopsy for microscopic examination to determine pathology CLASSIFICATION ? The TNM classification is used for clinical staging of breast tumors. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition stages breast cancer as follows:?26 ? TX: primary tumor cannot be…