BRCA2

Sandra Bishnoi was diagnosed with stage four cancer on January 2011. When diagnosed with this disease, she was a wife, mother of two, scientist in Chicago and a chemistry professor. Having cancer with two children ages one and four has scared and caused emotion. The oncologist considered her to do a two year plan because of how serious her condition was. Bishnoi children have helped her become a stronger person. When she didn’t have the energy, she found some to take care of their needs.…

According to the most recent estimates, 55 to 65 percent of women who inherit a harmful brca1 mutation and around 45 percent of women who inherit a harmful brca2 mutation will develop breast cancer in their 70s. These genes are the best known link to cancer, and can either be passed down by parents, family, or developed over time in your body. A person who has this gene can be called a brca1/2 carrier. Your…

Human anatomy is a very complex to understand and study. Cells are highly ordered they grow and distribute to form new cells when they receive signals that the tissue in some part of the body needs them. Cells age, they can grow old or be damaged, which leads to deactivation or dying of a cell and those being replaced by new ones. However, sometimes this order is being disturbed, which makes the old and damaged cells not to die and new cell keep reproducing even though it is not necessary. The…

Menopause is a normal process in which your reproductive ability comes to an end. This process happens gradually over a span of months to years, usually between the ages of 48 to 55 years old. Menopause is complete when you have missed 12 consecutive menstrual periods. It is important to talk with your health care provider about some of the most common conditions that affect postmenopausal women, such as heart disease, diabetes, and bone loss (osteoporosis). Adopting a healthy lifestyle and…

Daniel Huang Chapter 9 1. Mutations can be very negative in that it can cause cancer in somatic cells. However it is important to note that mutations will also lead to variability which is beneficial to us. Mutations in intergenic DNA affects regulations of protein products which is actually less detrimental than mutations in exons which code for the proteins. 2. Transition is the error that causes the base to change from a purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine. Transverses are base…

In 2015, the National Cancer Institute released statistics stating that an estimated number 1,658,370 cases of cancer will be diagnosed this year and that in one third of those cases the patient will die (National Cancer Institute). According to the National Cancer Institute, the leading cause of death in America is heart disease, then a close second is cancer, taking an average number of 585,000 deaths per year (National Cancer Institute). The chances are every individual will, in their…

As of the January 1, 2014, there are 7,607,230 women living in the United States that have cancer, and about 1.8 million (13%) of these women were diagnosed with breast cancer (“International Cancer Control”). While scientists continue to try and find a cure for every stage of this vicious disease, one in 36 women die from breast cancer, making it the second leading cause of death in female cancer patients “What are the Key Statistics About Breast Cancer?”). If scientists are working to hard to…

This may cause accumulation of errors rapidly in the cell and its progeny. * Those in signaling (endocrine) machinery of the cell. This leads transmission of the error signals to nearby healthy cells as well. * Those that allow the cells to migrate and disrupt more healthy cells away from the primary site of origin. * Those that make the cell immortal so that the abnormal cell refuses to die. Hormonal changes Notable among these are changes in the female hormone levels estrogen. Excess…