Antibiotic resistance

HAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1Background information Disinfection describes a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores or inanimate objects. In health-care setting, objects are usually disinfected by liquid chemicals or wet pasteurization.(Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities,2008). Disinfection in hospitals especially in medical training hospitals is of significant concern for both the medical professionals and the…

Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial infection that occurs just below the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It's characterized by redness, heat, and pain. The word Cellulitis means inflammation of the cells. This disease can be seen in primary-care settings such as long-term care, home care, and daycare settings. If left untreated, Cellulitis can lead to hospitalization and visits to the emergency room. Those with weak immune systems and blood circulation problems are more likely to develop this…

Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that have no nucleus. Often times these forms of bacteria usually don’t need much to live and can reproduce rather quickly. These bacteria can cause a lot of major diseases and the only way to get around these problems is to maintain a perfect hygiene. Our hands especially, which are constantly filled with bacteria that can cause major harm to the body. Hospitals are easily considered one of the places with a lot of bacteria and infectious diseases.…

It is important to differentiate GABHS infections in chil- dren. The antibiotic therapy should be started within 9 days after the onset of infection to prevent potential cardiac and renal complications. It is not possible to make a diagnosis of GABHS infection by clinical examination alone. Throat swabs are necessary to identify Streptococcus (Fig. 3.1.1). Gener- ally, a cherry red tongue and perioral pallor suggest GABHS infection. In infectious mononucleosis, the cervical lymph nodes are…

neutropenia, and vitamin deficiencies can cause neutropenia. Infections such as HIV, Malaria, Hepatitis A, B, and C, Lyme disease, and Salmonella infection can also be a cause of neutropenia. Some autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, and some antibiotics destroy neutrophils and thus may lead to neutropenia. Neutropenia is usually diagnosed as part of a blood test ordered by the doctor for an existing condition. Once neutropenia is discovered, other tests might be ordered which might…

The findings of this study couldn't not be used to confirm a bacterial bronchitis or used as a basis for or against antibiotic therapy.(2) Brown: Typically found expulsed by smokers, a combination of tar, nicotine and resins accumulate in the bronchial and lung passages producing this colored sputum. Other possible causes of brown phlegm are acid reflux when you've been…

1. Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Introduction: More than 200 different species of bacteria normally live on the skin (Benbow, 2010) and an open wound provides a moist, warm and nutritious environment perfect for microbial colonisation and proliferation (Young, 2012). When one or more microorganisms multiply in the wound, local and systemic responses occur in the host, which can lead to infection and a subsequent delay in healing (Angel et al., 2011). Cutting (2010) mentioned that…

people. It was also "luckily discovered" meaning they didn't invent it, they just happened to be there at the right time. Penicillin helps many different people around the world. "Penicillin is one of the earliest discovered and widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold" states The History article. In 1896 a French student in the medical field named Ernest Duchesne actually noticed the Penicillin. However Penicillin was discovered again by a bacteriologist named…

The Emergence of the Antibiotic Age The origination of the first antibiotic, known as penicillin, was initially discovered accidentally by a sagacious, submissive bacteriologist who is now known primarily for this monumental breakthrough; his name is Alexander Fleming. Before this discovery was made, the risks of obtaining bacterial infections were substantially immense and unpreventable. Every doctor was helpless since there was ultimately nothing that they could do to prevent the infection…

In the article, "Repelling Germs with Sharkskin" written by Esther Landhuis, it discusses the benefits of sharkskin for humans. As the article unfolds, you will see a scientist named Anthony Brennan, inventor of the sharkskin texture, realized many marine animals have "crusty" skin due to the buildup of algae and barnacle. This prompted him to wonder what the skin was made up and why it was so different than other animals. The scientists soon found a process that helped them find what the skin…