Antibiotic resistance

P. aeruginosa is a gram-negative non-sporulating bacillus that belongs to the phylum of Proteobacteria. It can adapt and thrive in different niches, ranging from water/soil to plant/animal tissues. Even though it is commonly found in the environment, it frequently causes infections in plants and animals (1). Luke (1862) was the first to report P. aeruginosa in infections as he observed rod-shaped particles in blue-green pus of some infections. This coloration is a hallmark of P.…

How periodontal disease enters the body In both humans and dogs, periodontal disease is an overlooked but serious condition. Periodontal disease is caused by oral bacteria present in the mouth that forms plaque, a filmy substance on the teeth. When exposed to minerals in saliva and allowed to settle, the plaque mineralizes over a period of two to three days and hardens into a thick calculus on the teeth. The presence of starchy particles in the mouth creates an ideal breeding environment and…

MICROBIAL HUMAN DISEASE(TUBERCULOSIS) The causative agent of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It was discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch.It is the highly contagious aerobic pathogen which mean they requires oxygen to grow and it is non-motile.It is an intracellular pathogen which means that infects the macrophages of the bodies immune system.And the reason this bacteria is very effective is because of the waxy coat of Mycolic Acid that onvolves the bacteria.Thia makes staining very…

NECROTIZING FASCIITIS This is an uncommon disease. Necrotizing Fasciitis is also known as a flesh-eating bacteria disease. This affects every 1 out of 4 people. Some symptoms of this disease are weak immune system, consumption of steroid medicines, has surgical cuts or injuries on parts of their body, or had been affected by chicken pox recently. This bacteria destroys and eats up fat, skin and the tissue covering the muscle of a particular part of the body, and can occur anywhere in the body.…

In 1920 the hookworm infection was problematic in many impoverished areas around the globe. This infection happens when the hookworm parasite tunnels up through a human’s foot. Over time it slowly makes its way to the small intestine where it matures. The symptoms of this infection can include but is not limited to nausea, indigestion, diarrhea, and vomiting. The Rockefeller Foundation was interested in increasing the education about the disease and slowly push towards eradication. The…

Evolution is a very complex process that can occur over millions of years, as well as right now at this very moment. The articles “12 Examples of Evolution Happening Right Now” by Erin Brodwin showcases a few of the ways that evolution is happening all around, all the time. “A Possible Break in One of Evolution’s Biggest Mysteries” by Peter Brannen, is riveting in the language it uses when explaining one of the largest phenomena of evolution – whales. Both of these articles provide reliable…

S. aureus was first isolated by Alexander Ogston. Ogston described the bacteria, which he isolated from pus collected from surgical wounds, as micrococci (Thomer et al., 2015). This description was given because of the sphere-shape of the bacteria and the grape-like clusters that they form. After Ogston’s discovery, Friedrich Rosenbach differentiated between two staphylococci bacteria, which were isolated from humans (Thomer et al., 2015). These bacteria were named S. aureus and S. albus. This…

Black legged ticks are small and their bites are often painless. Although painless, an infected tick can transmit bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilium to humans and go undetected for days or even weeks. Symptoms can manifest in a variety of ways with the most common being fever, headache, muscle pain, malaise, chills, nausea, abdominal pain, cough, and confusion (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2016) . Due to the generalized symptoms, treatment is often delayed until more serious…

The endospore is a quiescent and tough structure that is form by some gram-positive bacteria that allows them to survive in harsh and extreme environments. Because only some genera of bacteria produces the endospore, its identification is important in helping us identify some bacteria. 2. What type of eukaryotic cells did we observe and how were they different from the prokaryotes we have looked at? (Be sure to include ways they are different internally as well as any observable traits) The…

Bacteria are single celled organisms. These organisms cannot be seen with naked eyes. There are million varieties of bacteria out of which few bacteria are useful for our body metabolisms in day to day life. Usually bacteria reproduce very fast in favorable atmosphere. However, some bacteria adversely affect our health. They affect our health either internally or externally. These days with the rapid growth and advancement in technology, we have treatments for almost every bacterial disease we…