Antibiotic resistance

Clostridium botulinum is a gram positive bacteria, spore-forming rod that produces a potent neurotoxin. Clostridium botulinum is prevalent in soil and marine sediments worldwide, most commonly as spores. These spores are found everywhere, but while the spores are generally harmless, the danger can occur once the spores begin to grow out into active bacteria and produce neurotoxins. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in foods that are incorrectly or minimally processed.. Clostridium…

Botulinum Toxin is categorized as a neurotoxin. Having a fatal dose of merely one to two micrograms it is considered one of the most lethal neurological agents known. The toxin is a microbial product synthesized by an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum whose natural habitat is soil (Qiagen). There are seven antigenically distinguishable exotoxins differentiated by the use of the prefix BoNT followed by the letters A-G. Although each has a slightly different…

The Spread of Ebola in West Africa Nancy V. Jaime National University Abstract The Ebola virus has become an epidemic spreading throughout West Africa including Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. The Ebola virus has killed thousands of people and infected millions of families including children. The natural reservoir for Ebola virus is derived from fruit bats and the transmission to humans is likely to be from bush meats, and direct human contact via bodily secretions (blood, saliva,…

Introduction Resistant bacterial strains has become a serious problem [1]. This is due to false diagnosis and the excessive use of antibiotic [2,3]. This encourage us to search for new antimicrobial agents. Quinazolinones are heterocycles that are of great interest due to their biological activities such as anticancer [4-8], anti-psychotic [9], anti-inflammatory [10,12], antifungal…

Bacteria! They're everywhere, and they are usually harmful. But did you know that some bacteria are actually good for you?.. Good bacteria, called Probiotics, are friendly to the human body, and actually are very important to have inside of us. While many of us have heard of probiotics some people are still unsure or even confused as to exactly what they are and what they do. I have been asked number of times to provide some clarity on this subject. The following is a Q & A of the most common…

product (hydrogen peroxide, Pine-sol, Clorox Bleach, Mr Clean antibacterial liquid cleaner) is the best inhibitor of K12 Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth? The manipulated variable was the cleaning product or disinfectant on used of the Whatman antibiotic assay paper disc. The dependent variable is the zone of inhibition of the prokaryotic bacteria E. coli. In topic one IB requires that we learn about Eubacteria, traditional bacteria that are typically pathogenic, E. coli fall into this…

Proteus Mirabilis Proteus mirabilis is defined by the slide share website as a disease caused by microbial invasion of the genitourinary track that extends from the renal cortex of the kidney to the urethral meatus. Proteus mirabilis can be laboratory diagnosed by the specimen collection, transported and storage and laboratory methods, but the laboratory methods that would be focused on is specimen collection. It is often the first determine diagnosis and treatment which would give a more…

Microbiology laboratory is a branch of clinical laboratory. The main purpose of the microbiology laboratory is work to discover the reasons and causes of the diseases and treatment. Microbiology laboratory is one of important laboratory in clinical laboratory, because interested in studying infectious diseases. There are four type of microorganisms that causes infectious disease are bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses. Microbiology laboratory has many sections and each section do many types…

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is a major global health problem and it ranks alongside Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as a leading cause of death worldwide. According to the estimates of WHO global tuberculosis report of 2015, there were 9.6 million people who developed TB and 1.5 million who died from the disease in 2014. 1.2 TRANSMISSION AND PATHOGENESIS OF TB TB infection occurs when…

As a dog owner, make sure that you dog could have yeast infection in different parts of their body. No matter how you clean your dog, the yeast infection are the more common disease beyond your thinking. The yeast are commonly affect their ear, skin and casuing unpleasent odors, itchiness and annoying infections on their skin. If you neglect it, the infection leads to tremendous anount of self-induced trauma and pain from the frantic scratching and chewing. Causes Of Yeast Infection Number of…