Adenine

It can be argued that “… the origin of life is the origin of replication” (Lane, 2010). This statement proves to be correct to a certain extent as if there were to be any mutations within the stages of replication, the life created could have abnormalities which may decrease quality of life experienced. Sickle cell anaemia is a hereditary form of anaemia in which a point mutation causes the formation of haemoglobin which distorts the erythrocytes into a sickle-shape (Appendix 1). The sickle…

significant discoveries known to humans. The DNA of an individual is located in the nucleus of the cell and it is the same in every cell. DNA is the genetic makeup of an individual and it is unique to them, meaning, no one has the same genetic code of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Every person and living thing have a unique genetic code and sequence of the four chemical bases. DNA has been evolving since the beginning of time and tools have been created to identify who the DNA belongs…

1) Centrioles are a paired feature of animal mitotic spindles that protrude away from the centrisome of cells and are primarily tasked with the creation of microtubules. The microtubules give way to mitotic spindles, which play a vital role in both mitosis and cytokinesis as they give cilia and flagellum the ability to generate motion and they ensure both newly formed cells contain paired centrioles during the later stages of cell division. Kinetochores are protein structures that produce…

What is Genetics? Genetic Diseases A genetic disease involves an abnormality in genetic material. Otherwise, there could be mutations or changes in an organism’s DNA. A genetic disease can be inherited through a family. There are three types of disorders: Chromosomal Disorders, Single Gene Disorders, and Multifactorial Disorders. Chromosomal Disorders are caused by too many chromosomes, not enough chromosomes, or the chromosome structures are abnormal. Polymelia is considered as a…

proposed many models including identical base pairing, proposing that adenine always paired with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. They suggested that when arranged at a certain angle, hydrogen bonds form between the pairs of bases. Once they had become aware of Chargaff’s results which he published in 1951 stating that the proportions of the bases in DNA showing a standard ratio: there was always the same proportion of adenine as thymine and of guanine as cytosine. Watson and Crick built…

Insulin is the body’s main way to lower the blood glucose levels when they get to high. When the blood glucose levels get to low the hormone glycogen is produced. They both come from the pancreas but insulin also helps glucose get transported into the cells (Quesada et al., 2008). The body uses glucose as a primary source of energy through a variety of metabolic reactions. Glucose is a sugar that gets broken down through glycolysis into ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) inside of the cell (Stanfield,…

A nucleotide is made up of three things. It consists of a nitrogenous base made up of either adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. The nucleotide also contains either the sugar deoxyribose or ribose. Finally, it contains one or more phosphate groups. Nucleotides bond together and form a double helix, which was discovered by scientists Francis Crick and James Watson in 1956. Sucrose molecules contain a number of polar oxygen-hydrogen bonds, each with an effective positive or negative charge. In…

of an organism's genome. Nucleotides basically are building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. nucleotides are made up of three subunits. A nitrogen base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group. The nitrogen bases can be adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. Adenine may only pair with thymine, and cytosine will only pair with guanine when being created . When there is an error in replication, a deletion of genetic information, or insertion or adding of genetic information, it is a…

A nucleic acid is a polymer that is made up of smaller units called nucleotides. These nucleotides play a significant role in creating important structures found in our body such as deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly referred to as DNA, and ribonucleic acid or RNA. (Erster, Lecture 4 Chapter 5) Ribonucleic acid is then categorized into two types of RNA: mRNA and tRNA (there are other types but the ones mainly discussed in protein synthesis only involved these two). The DNA and RNA are partners…

The discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, was a ground breaking discovery for the scientific community. Its discovery made ground breaking impacts that would only prove to be more detrimental to society with time. On top of the high prominence in the scientific field, the discovery would also go on over to make waves in the criminal justice field as well. The discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid was not a discovery made by any one given person, but was instead a collaborative…