Adenine

Amino acids Amino acids are building block s of proteins. Each amino acid contains main three structural components. 1) Amino group 2) Carboxcilic group 3) R group Figure 1 https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=amino+acids&view=detailv2&&id=072990A13D7C6B29926E0FC3F9E9BE59C8A6322E 2016 R can be hydrogen or any other functional group .in world there are around 182-200 found to be present in nature but we can find 20 aminoacids in…

carry’s the majority of information for development growth and many other functions. DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell. DNA has a double helix structure and is formed by a series of bases these are Adenine , Cytosine , Guanine and Thymine. These bases have a basic pattern when forming DNA. Adenine will only join to Thymine when in DNA and Cytosine will only join to Guanine when in DNA. These bases are bonded by hydrogen bonds. Each base has a start an end in each sequence of the DNA…

When Francis Crick and James Watson(top photo) discovered the secret of life found in DNA, many believed that the genetic revolution was upon them. As the understanding of genetic code grew, people began to hope for healthier lives and an end of inherited diseases. Although the fear of scientists playing god grew as well. This simple molecule was now basic unit of creation, and another pair of scientists were looking to find how its structure worked. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice…

A, B and Z DNA Structure These three types of DNA all possess the similar property of a double helical structure formed from a sugar-phosphate backbone and containing the 4 bases, adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, complementarily paired with hydrogen bonding. A and G are purines and have a double ring whereas T and C are pyrimidines and have only a single ring. Within the helix a pyrimidine is always paired with a purine such that G is always paired with C and T with A. The difference…

Introduction DNA is called deoxyribonucleic acid. This contains a phosphate group, sugars, and a complementary base. DNA is found in plants and animal cells in the nucleus. The nucleus is the control center where DNA is replicated or produced within a cell. DNA also contains our genetic material. This is possible due to differences in individual’s phenotype and genotype. DNAs structure is double helical; meaning two strands are parallel to each other and in a ladder formation. This can occur…

Environments Introduction DNA is composed of two strands composed of polynucleotides arranged in a double helix formation composed of four nucleotide subunits: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Each base must form a hydrogen bond with its respective compatible base, therefore adenine always bonds with thymine and guanine always bonds with cytosine. DNA is used to transfer genetic information to be able to duplicate a cell completely and successfully(6).…

substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene [1], a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Figure 2.3: Missense Mutation [1] This figure 2.3 shows an example of missense mutation. One of the nucleotides (adenine) is replaced by another nucleotide (cytosine) in the DNA sequence. This results an incorrect amino acid (proline) being incorporated into the protein sequence. 2.3.2 Nonsense…

Erwin Schrödinger was a physicist pioneer who gave a series of lectures in 1944. They were published under the title What is Life? (Harold, 2001). Though philosophical in nature, many have wondered if life can be reduced to biology or even further down to chemistry. This sent many scientists looking for the answer and spawned the guiding question, could human life be artificially created at the cellular level? This would consist of arranging the correct amounts of various elements into the…

MSA University, faculty of pharmacy, Bio chemistry department. Course code PB301 Nucleotides Student name: ID: Under supervision of DR: Teaching assistant Structure Nucleic acids are polymers consist of units called nucleotides. These mononucleotide units react together by intermolecular dehydration reactions that create phosphate ester bonds. Those reactions are either, catalyzed or specialized enzymes. The nucleotide units are created by smaller types of components. Each nucleotide…

In recent years MTHFR has been popularised in social media and blogs with various levels of information and potential misinformation. A search on google.com.au using the term “MTHFR” provided 1,330,000 results in 0.40 seconds.[1] With all of this different information being available 24 hours per day, all year round, it can be confusing for practitioners and patients to sift through to determine what is scientific, clinical or “hearsay”. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)…