development ,reproduction and growth of all living organism including viruses. DNA are composed of simpler monomer units called nucleotide. They are termed polynucleotide as DNA have two strands. Nucleotides is composed of four nitrogenous base, they are ADENINE(A), THYMINE (T),CYTOSINE(C), and GUANINE (G).””(DNA) DNA bases pair up with each other, A:T and C:G, to form units called base pairs. Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule. Together, a base,…
Purine catabolism pathway is one of the cellular processes that fascinated me the most. I choose to research on this specific process and was able establish a pretty good grasp of what happens in the process of it break down. Purine bases are the adenine and guanine.…
mutation occurs in the HTT gene, this gene controls the production of the huntingtin protein. The exact purpose of the protein has still not been determined but it works closely with the neurons in our brains. The mutilation causes the CAG (cytosine, adenine and guanine) trinucleotide repeat to appear excessively. In…
This is down to the fact that Niacin helps to produce a coenzyme known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD for short. It is this molecule that is essential for these metabolic and physiological processes. Niacin is water soluble, which means that it breaks down in water, as opposed to some vitamins, that happen to be fat soluble…
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy carrier within cells. ATP is a nucleotide and consists of adenine, a ribose sugar and a triphosphate unit. ATP is “an energy-rich molecule because its triphosphate unit contains two phosphoanhydride bonds” and, a significant amount of energy is released when these bonds are broken1. Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway whereby mitochondria in living cells generate ATP from the oxidation of nutrients. This process involves the transfer…
depending on where it is in the normal sequence of amino acids, it can severely alter the protein produced [16]. One mutation that has been shown to cause this defect on the NLRP3 gene is the p.D303N mutation. This mutation causes a G907A (Guanine to Adenine) transition on the DNA. This point mutation changes only one amino acid aspartic acid into asparagine in the peptide chain [17]. This is the most common mutation that causes…
identical base pairing. However, none of these theories survived scrutiny of the public. However, using Chargaff’s rule (the rule is based on the number of adenine bases being equal to the number of thymine bases as well as the number of guanines being equal to the number of cytosine bases.) When the answer occurred to Watson that the adenine base was internally linked to the thymine and the guanine to the cytosine. He realised that this would mean that the A-T bond would be exactly the same…
Abstract This experiment studies the rate of activity of succinate dehydrogenase protein derived from the mitochondria of cauliflower cells. Succinate dehydrogenase, once active, is known to reduce the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to FADH2. Succinate dehydrogenase and its coenzyme creates an enzyme complex (E-FADH2) which transfers electrons to coenzyme Q during the Krebs cycle. In this experiment, sodium azide will be added to the mitochondrial solution to prevent the transfer of…
What does NADH stand for? First off it stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride. Now NADH is a natural occurring substance that is found in living organisms, with an “H” that actually stand for high energy hydrogen. Now what does this hydrogen have to do with NADH? Well when NAD has this “H” it therefore means it is in the most active biological form possible. NADH is also known as coenzyme 1 in our bodies, and is also the top ranked coenzyme that we have in our body. Since it is…
becomes an enucleated egg cell. -The nucleus is removed because the nucleus contains the majority of the genetic information (DNA). -DNA has a double helix structure and it is made from many nucleotides -Nucleotides are made from a nitrogen base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, or Thymine), a phosphate group, and a deoxyribose. -The DNA is stored in the nucleus as chromatin, but during cell division the DNA stored as chromatin condense into chromosomes. -The DNA initially condenses into chromatin…