Adaptive immune system

the lymph nodes. After this infection occurs these bacteria now, in the body are planktonic. This means they are individual, free swimming, and virtually functioning as single celled organisms. When these bacteria are threatened by the host’s immune system or antibiotics they form biofilms. A biofilm is a thin coating of organic as well as inorganic matter that contains bacteria that have fused together and permanently anchored themselves to an object or body surface in contact with water.…

Introduction There are multiple Immunological techniques or tests used for starting and measuring an immune response (1). Antibodies and antigens found in our immune system is done by immunoassays (2). The majority of immunological tests are based on the adaptive immune system. Substances recognized by our immune system are antigens. Injections are done by a trained health care professional to test for an immune response. The antibodies work together to fight antigens. Immunologists can inject…

subcutaneous nodules, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, anemia, and central nervous system involvement.1 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of connective tissues, with multifactorial pathophysiology and heterogeneous clinical manifestations. The autoimmunity is conferred by dysregulation of aspects from both innate and adaptive immunity, which leads to the production of autoantibodies. In SLE the most implicated…

an infection of the glomerular membrane which impairs proper function. In the kidney, this membrane is responsible for the filtration of water and associated solutes out of the body while simultaneously keeping plasma proteins in the cardiovascular system. When an alteration occurs, the permeability of the membrane decreases, thus decreasing the overall glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the kidney and leading to complications associated with low GFR. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by primary…

The Human immune system and Autoimmunity The human immune system is a true strong-hold and defender, which response firmly and swiftly to attacks from foreign invaders. It has the ability to manipulate change in order to optimize the response and quarantine many of the unwanted intrusions. The Human immune system has many purposes. They include, defending the body against infectious microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses-by destroying and resisting them. The Human immune system is…

The human immune response is a complex, layered system that uses multiple defense mechanisms which function in harmony to protect the body from infection and illness. There are two main types of immune response, the innate and acquired, and while these responses are related and sometimes overlap, they use separate processes to defend against invaders. Working as a whole, innate and acquired immune responses protect the body from infectious organisms. Infectious organisms that can cause disease…

The human body has a protection system called the immune system to fight off pathogens. The immune system uses two different types of immunity to defend the body against pathogens; they are the innate and adaptive immunity response systems. Working as frontline providers, we must be able to identify and treat different types of disorders and diseases. The active immunity is an important part of the immune system because it protects the body from infectious diseases agent that is mediated by B-…

pathogen. Antibodies passed on to calves via colostrum are an important defence system and is called passive acquired immunity because the animal didn’t make the antibodies itself.…

The immune system is known for its primary role in protecting the body from bacterial, parasitic, fungal and viral infections. It consists of organs and cells that play important and very specific roles in order to achieve adequate protection. The main components include: Organs • Bone Marrow Produces all the cells of the immune system through a process called hematopoiesis. • Thymus Produces mature T cells through a process called thymic education. • Spleen Its primary role is to filter the…

protection against helminthic parasites, it continues to play a substantial role in symptoms for allergy. Mast cell activation is not further addressed until module 8.2, but understanding how mast cell activation plays a prominent role in the immune system is vital to learning how to combat potentially life-threatening allergic reactions. In the course of my research, I came across an interesting link addressing the close relationship mast cells has with basophils & eosinophils. Although…