The theory of attachment was developed by Melanie Klein. Attachment is defined as the formation of a psychological and emotional relationship between a primary caregiver and a child, not necessarily the child’s biological parents. In Melanie’s theory, she reveals that the attachment style a child develops for their caregiver can be Secure, Avoidant, Resistant/ambivalent/Anxious, and disorganized. These connections children develop for their caregiver will be the primary template for all future…
Constructivist Approach to Climate Change Realism has been the prevailing international relations (IR) theory since the Second World War (Sens & Stoett, 2010). Bennett Rambery, George Kennan, Hans Morgenthau, Henry Kissinger, and Samuel Huntington are just some of the prominent realists that swayed U.S. foreign policy during the recent era. However, state-centric realism seems to come short in explaining the fall of the Soviet Union and the rise of non-state threats, e.g., al Qaeda, (Snyder,…
The issue of anarchic system in international politics is a crucial motive to define the interstates relationship between major theories of international relations. That is, there are diverse theoretical approaches to explicate how actors with a dilemma will behave or react between confrontation and cooperation in the decentralised world, thus understanding major theories such as realism and liberalism would be helpful to size up all possibilities of theoretical alternative in order to surpass…
involvement of more actors. When Actor A interacts with Actor B the outcome of the interactions could be an agreement, a dispute, a crisis or war (Sartori, A. (2002). p129). These are arranged in order of severity and therefore shows where crises lie in relation to disputes and war. This positioning means that during an international crisis further interactions are likely to continue escalating to the stage of war, unless one actor backs down…
I typically find realism to be the most useful of the three major international relations general theories. However, I disagree with the notion that absolute gains do not exist. I agree that relative gains are geopolitically important than absolute gains, but they are still nonetheless both present. To understand absolute gains; look at the progress…
from two international relations (IR) theories to gray-zone conflicts will create a framework for U.S. strategists. Using components of realism and liberalism and combining them will provide the U.S. a policy instrument with both hard and soft power to deal with these styles of conflicts. Consequently, a third IR theory constructivism offers very little to U.S. planners to help them with a strategy for gray-zone conflicts. As some scholars suggest, constructivism is a theory of culture and…
For this summary essay assignment, the two articles being compared are Jack Snyder’s One World, Rival Theories and Martha Finnemore’s Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity: Why Being a Unipole Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up to Be. In Snyder’s article, the three basic international political theories, realism, liberalism, and constructivism, are explained in rough detail. Finnemore’s article, on the other hand, details unipolarity and why unipoles do not technically have an…
two most important paradigms of International Relations. They have accounted for much of what has taken place in the world. Continuing to offer provisions of state behavior, and pose queries; that perhaps it is possible for there to be peace in-between nation states. While both approaches to the understanding of the on-going crisis in Ukraine are undeniably different, surprisingly they have similarities. Examining the different approaches and theories will enable one to form a better perspective…
The Central Ego Fairbairn postulates the role of the central ego deriving from a nurturing environment and a secure attachment, fill with good, comforting, loving childhood relationships. Furthermore, Fairbairn argues that is in these scenarios that a good sense of self and others are developed along with a stable ego function (Celani,1993; Greenberg, Mitchell, 1983; St. Clair, 2004). This also allows for the normal development of frustration tolerance, ability to comfort one-self, and the…
The study of international relations not only questions the global affairs of the past and of the present, but also of the future. Scholars such as Susan Strange and Robert Gilpin––whose arguments will be examined in this paper––sought to predict what the role of the state would be in the generations to come. By examining the function of the state through an international political economy perspective, the authors present their own predictions which are strikingly opposed to one another. Both of…