Theory of Industrial Relations Essay

Abstract The concepts of industrial relations and employment relations have been used interchangeably to connote the relationship that exists in a work organization between the owners of the factors of production and labour. Attempts have been made to explain and label correctly both concepts but the controversy rages on. Scholars have opined that industrial relations is broader than employee relations and vice-versa. This paper attempts to clearly identify the differences (if any), the similarities (if any) and the boundaries (if any) of these concepts as it extends to other allied issues. Key Words: Industrial Relations, Employment Relations Introduction Industrial relations has its roots in the industrial revolution which created the modern employment relationship by spawning free labor markets and large-scale industrial organizations with thousands of wage workers. As society wrestled with these massive economic and social changes, labor problems arose. Low wages, long working hours, monotonous and dangerous work, and abusive supervisory practices led to high employee turnover, violent strikes, and the threat of…

employment relationship. (Millmore et al., 2007) Until recently, a great deal of thought in employee relations had particularly gone into employee perceptions, but very little attention had ever been…

A theory can be defined as a supposition of ideas or systems of ideas which explain something. It explains the ‘why’ and allows us to make predictions about behaviour. Fayol (1949) defined theory as “a collection of principles, rules, methods and procedures tried and checked by general experience.” Management theories are implemented in the organisation to help increase their productivity and service quality. When applying new strategies in the workplace, many managers commonly use a…

Basic Concepts of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’s Philosophy The philosophy of Karl Marks and Friedrich Engels is steadily connected with the Era of Enlightment, which gave it an ideological basis, and with the wide range of social relations concerning the Industrial revolution, which gave it a space for practical application. Postulates of Marxism derive from the Immanuel Kant’s dialectic idealism, English political economy and French socialism, which are equally reflected in its works.…

The industrial revolution, which took place from 18th to 19th centuries, was the transition of agriculturally rural societies, transforming into industrial and urban places. Before the revolution, using hand tools or simple machines manufacturing would have been performed in homes by people. The Industrial revolution is the identifier of a shift to new sources of power, purpose machinery, factories, and mass production. Although there are some cases that argue against the industrial period, this…

Management Theory functions as a tool to maximize the benefits of consumers and investors in consistent and fair levels. This management approach arose in the 19th century along with the Industrial Revolution. The eruption of factory work and jobs in production was becoming more common. The managers of the factories were always watching and constructing ways to boost productivity among the workforce. The classical approach to management looks for universal principles of operation that will lead…

war. After the successful reconstruction, those countries drew attention to poor countries to assist them to develop. Therefore, modernization theory and dependency theory were conceptualized respectively. This essay will explain the emergence of modernization theory which stemmed from the global goal to stabilize economy as well as some strengths related to aid donation and weaknesses particularly…

The purpose of this paper is to examine Robert Gilpin’s, The Politics of Transnational Economic Relations as well as Robert Cox’s, Gramsci and International Relations Theory: an essay in method. Gilpin’s theory that transnational actors and processes are dependent upon specific patterns of inter-sate relations (Gilpin, 1971, p.404) will be compared and contrasted with Robert Cox’s understanding of Gramsci’s hegemony and how it may be adopted to understand problems of world order. Gramsci’s…

years, his controversial theory argues that the Creative Class is fundamental to economic development in contemporary cities and since 2010 has accounted for 41 million Americans equating 32% of the American workforce. This emerging class demonstrates the spirit of, what Florida refers to as, the 'Creative Age', the belief that the multidimensional aspect of creativity is fundamental to the shifting economic circumstances of the 21st century. Florida explains the Creative Class splits into…

Symbolic-Interaction Theory contends that remaining active, as well as socially active (and Activity Theory), offers greater personal gratification when growing older. Moreover, Social-Conflict Theory targets the limitation of resources and freedoms attainable by the older population or more commonly, age stratification. An example of age stratification includes replacing aging employees with younger employees. However, elders have benefited from things such as political gain, which has improved…