Credibility During International Crises

Improved Essays
PIED3503
Mid-Semester Essay
Student Number - 200823400
Word Count: -344

How important is credibility during international crises? Why?

Introduction
International crises are not traditionally seen as a foreign policy aim of the leaders of states yet they continue to dictate foreign policy in a post cold war world. One of the most common concepts linked to international crises is credibility. This essay aims to address the role of credibility in International Crises. To begin the essay will assess what constitutes as an International Crises by looking at common themes that arise in definitions of it. This will form our revised definition of international crises. The essay will progress to discuss what credibility is and what role
…show more content…
(1997). P). This essay will refer to the states as actors. This essay will refer to two actors, A and B, where Actor A is making the demand or threat and Actor B has received the demand or threat. One regularly reoccurring feature found in definitions of International Crises is that takes place between two or more sovereign states (Snyder, G., Diesing, P. (1977). p7)(Sartori, A. (2002). p123) where a collection of interactions leads to the increased probability of conflict in order to resolve the dispute (Kinne, B., Marinov, N. (2012). p361). In this essay we will assume that that there are no more than two actors involved in the crises in order to create a more coherent argument and in order to cut out the added complexities of the involvement of more actors. When Actor A interacts with Actor B the outcome of the interactions could be an agreement, a dispute, a crisis or war (Sartori, A. (2002). p129). These are arranged in order of severity and therefore shows where crises lie in relation to disputes and war. This positioning means that during an international crisis further interactions are likely to continue escalating to the stage of war, unless one actor backs down …show more content…
If Actor A and B have been in a crisis for some time then actor A may raise the stakes and bring the crisis to the brink in order to make actor B back down and end the crisis. This can be successful, nevertheless it can also backfire and cause pre-emptive wars.
Reoccurring themes that appear in definitions of an international crisis have been brought together to make up our revised definition, which will be used throughout the rest of the essay. International crises are between two sovereign actors where, continued interactions have led to escalating military tensions although neither actor wants to go to war and would rather resolve the crisis before this stage.
What is

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    Discuss the impact of crises on the power of the president. The power of the president usually increases or is more obviously shown because they can show their strength through rallying around the flag and successfully fixing the problem such as, a military conflict that the US fixes without a prolonged military effort. A president can also be granted emergency powers in the time of an exceptionally serious crisis 2. Describe the typical professional and educational backgrounds of the US Presidents. There have been quite a few lawyers, but for the first two hundred years education was pretty much haphazard.…

    • 5175 Words
    • 21 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Summary Of The Norton Mix

    • 1294 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The Norton Mix: A New Understanding of Conflict The Norton Mix, contain many articles that are informative, descriptive, and easy to understand. The Norton Mix is able to efficiently communicate its message to the reader in order for them to effortlessly write a paper. One main issue that was outstanding throughout this book was conflicts and wars, facilitating the task of writing an analysis which can bind many of these articles together. The Norton Mix is recommended to a new college student who is not open to new ideas because of its readability attributes.…

    • 1294 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the success of one state depends on the wellbeing of several others. The United States continuously involves itself in world affairs in order to protect and encourage growth of the state. Over the years the United States falls to war in hopes to protect its livelihood among the international and domestic community. If one state were to fall, the United States economy and infrastructure would suffer. Throughout the book, topics address the notion of the declining influence the United States has on the world.…

    • 946 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “God wills it!” was the cry of thousands of Christian warriors as they began the two hundred year battle with the Muslims to take back what they believed was their Holy Land. The Muslims had taken control of this land and put an end to Christian pilgrimages. This incited the furor of Pope Urban II, who declared the war which became known as The Crusades. The long course of this battle greatly affected medieval Europe and its civilization, and continues to stir up conflict and controversy in our world today, as well as dangers to the world if an event like this were to happen again.…

    • 567 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Cuban Missile Crisis as a Rhetorical Situation The Cuban missile crisis marks a time in history when the spread of nuclear weapons was on the forefront of foreign and domestic policy concerns. On October 22, 1962, President Kennedy made an historic speech that addressed the growing concerns of nuclear weapons and Soviet Union aggression. Kennedy’s speech and the actions taken in response, continue to define the United States relationship with Cuba. Kennedy’s speech applies well to Bitzer’s theory on the rhetorical situation, which is defined, “as a natural context of person, events objects, relations and an exigence which strongly invites utterance”. I argue Kennedy’s decision, on recommendation of his advisors, to describe the Cuban…

    • 1512 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Joyce Kaufman’s A Concise History of U.S. Foreign Policy, gives insight into the important, and often ignored, effects foreign policies throughout the history. Alongside keen insights on foreign policy, Kaufman provides detailed events in which domestic relations coincide with the effects and creation of foreign policies. By providing the reader with concise examples, Joyce Kaufman provides detailed connections between governments, economies, and individuals that are ultimately intertwined by foreign policy. More precisely, Kaufman allows for a thorough connection between the public, as a national identity, and the events that ultimately turn us into the actors in the international arena. National interest, remains the number one priority…

    • 1073 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    He argues that a crisis needs to be very extreme to justify military use. He claims that not every violation of human right warrants armed intervention. Walzer interestingly point outs that in many cases foreign leaders or military commanders will misunderstand a crisis in a country they are unfamiliar with. We have seen this happen many times in history. Some countries instead of intervening directly usually will try to use “external acts” such as economic sanctions to stop a crisis (Walzer 2).…

    • 984 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    John Mearsheimer alluded to this ‘reality’ in the following quote from a series of interviews called Conversations with History in 2002. “My argument is that if China continues to grow economically, it will translate that economic might into military might, and it will become involved in an intense security competition with the United States, similar to the security competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.” Subscribers to Mearsheimer’s postulations would point to recent struggles involving China, the United States, and other actors in the South China Sea. The second and certainly preferable alternative is that all states involved, along with other major international actors will weigh the costs and benefits of each scenario and arrive at similar conclusions. That is to say, in this day and age of multi-lateral institutions, there is little to be gained from actual conflict.…

    • 1075 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Populist Dictatorship

    • 400 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Throughout the 20th century, many populist movements occurred all over the world. Some of these populist movements were the cause of some populist dictatorship. This happened in Latin America and Russia, being cause by the government not caring for the common people. Prior to WWII, populist leaders became very popular with their citizens because they encouraged their nation’s general populace during a time of insecurity; as a result, populism allowed nations to rebuild their war-torn economies and eventually, created the environment for another world war.…

    • 400 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Walter in “The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement” tries to explain why civil wars are never ended with a peaceful settlement and fought until one side beats the other. This is because there are problems of enforcement and vulnerability; both sides prefer to fight instead of cooperate because it leaves them vulnerable (Walter compares this exchange with the Prisoner’s Dilemma situation). Unlike interstate wars, making cheating not favorable is difficult; either side cannot withhold resources or build military defenses without triggering a response from the other side and there is no neutral force or government to enforce peace. According to Walter, there are two ways to solve this issue: design power-sharing institutions involving both…

    • 1084 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Liberalism In Iraq

    • 1240 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Nick Sherman Professor Asal Political science 102 9/27/16 In the wake of 9/11 The United States, The United Kingdom, and many other nations formed a coalition against the Ba’athist regime of Saddam Hussein. The coalition force invaded in 2003 to overthrow Saddam’s dictatorship and establish a democratic state in the Middle East. Although in some instances realism can describe the invasion of Iraq, the theory of Liberalism best describes the invasion because of liberal notions such as collective security and the belief that cooperation can lead to beneficial outcomes to all involved.…

    • 1240 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Historians and International Relations scholars have long had a relationship that allows for interworking, while distinct differences still remain separating the two. In studying the past, a historian and an international relations scholar would take into account the past as a force that generates the questions and theories of both parties. On the other hand, there lies a difference in the way that the historian would place more emphasis on recounting history and international events for their own sake. The IR scholars would contrastingly use historical events as ways to additionally supporting or discrediting a theoretical hypothesis they have proposed. In this way, their differences in methodology and objectives can be highlighted.…

    • 1022 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The twentieth-first century has been a time of innovation and progress, but also a time of distress and helplessness in the face of mysterious new issues which call for new solutions. Several of these issues are transnational, abridging political and physical borders (Mingst 386). The unprecendented growth of these threats has caused a legal dilemma for international relations theorists. In the face of these issues, states and other actors are faced with choosing to sacrifice given facets of their existense, from sovereignty and security too safety and survival.…

    • 604 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Sophocles’ Antigone frames a central conflict between Antigone and Kreon, two characters who have differing loyalties. Antigone is most loyal to her family; in fact, it is the question of whether her brother deserves burial rights that drives the play. Kreon, on the other hand, believes that loyalty to one’s city should take priority over loyalty to one’s family. A modern equivalent to this ideological dispute is the debate about whether the United States federal government is ethically justified in intervening in both foreign and domestic affairs. Kreon would support any action that directly benefits his state, whereas Antigone would be more concerned with the people who would be affected by the intervention.…

    • 1398 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Realism And The Cold War

    • 1470 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Prominent in realist theory is the concept of anarchy. Anarchy in international politics is defined by Mearsheimer as a system of ‘independent political units (states) that have no central authority above them’ (Mearsheimer 1994). Such a system promotes the concepts of self-help, statism and survival which suggest that war is the result of independent states fighting for power and national interest in order to survive. Given that the world has only been at peace for 8% of all of recorded history (Hedges 2003), these concepts are of great significance to realist in order to dissect war and understand why it is so prominent in international politics. Therefore, the bases of this essay will be formed using the aforementioned concepts to outline…

    • 1470 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays