RSA

Introduction RSA is a type of cryptography that is use for encrypting and decrypting of messages. It was created by Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard M. Adleman in the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) is named after the three inventors. RSA is still widely used for securing the confidentiality and authenticity of an e-mail. It is also use to secure communication through the internet. It is particularly useful when conducting e-commerce. Some of the security protocols that is using RSA is the SSL/TLS, SET, SSH, S/MIME, PGP and DNSSEC. RSA is a type of public key cryptography which is also known as asymmetric cryptography. Asymmetric cryptography uses a public key and a private key. This…

Any combination of the three elements may be used for authentication purpose. Secure transmissions are required when data transfer is required between the islands of security via an open sea. The communication channel between the secure environments is unsecure. The security goals can be met from time to time using encryption. There are three main types of classical encryption methods or ciphers: transposition, substitution and product ciphers. One of the well known and most widely used…

threat actor and decrease any vulnerabilities for the defender. In the end, it is imperative that organization understand that no defense is impenetrable, but making yourself a harder target helps to minimize attacks. Quantum Cryptography Cryptography has been around for thousands of years and utilized for the transmission of secure communications between two or more individuals. However, with the emergence of quantum computing, these current cryptographic techniques might not be secure for much…

Chapter 1 what is Blockchain? Basically, Blockchain is a system created essentially for the running of cryptocurrencies. Wikipedia defines a cryptocurrency as a digital asset that works as a medium of exchange and uses cryptography to secure all transactions and to control the creation of additional units of the currency. An example of such cryptocurrencies is the bitcoin. In this article, we will understand the following: • Basic meaning of blockchain • What it comprises of • How it…

Where m is the number of n-bit in the input. 21.5 A To implement the alternative HMAC structure in figure 21.9: the zeros should be appended to the left side of k to create. XOR using iPad to have b-bit block. Append m to the bit block and thereafter apply H to have the output results. B With such an arrangement of HMAC as that shown in figure 21.4, the attacker is able to compute an output of compression function even if the IV is unknown, random or secrete to the attacker. 21.6 To perform…

Holmes/Scarpetta Project- The Valley of Fear What discipline was involved? Digital Forensics (cryptology)- The process of encrypting messages and examining digital media forensically to find, analyze, and present facts and opinions. What was the equipment used? The ciphers represent the pages of previous editions of Whitaker's Almanack. The first number represented the page number in the Almanac. The second number, C2, was the column number on the page in the book. The numbers that…

1.1 Overview Cryptography is the science/practice of “writing in secret” (“crypto”= “secret, “graphy” = “writing”). Cryptographic functions are generally defined as algorithms or protocols, rules that govern how data is processed to turn plaintext (unencrypted data) into cipher text (encrypted data) [1]. Cryptography is a method of storing and transmitting data in a form that only those it is intended for can read and process. It is considered a science of protecting information by…

reliable. Cryptographers then realized in order to send message securely without any meeting with that person they need different if they send a message to a person without any meeting they need different keys for encryption and decryption. This phenomenon further helped to invent asymmetrical encryption. In this method pair of keys is used. Anything is encrypted with one key is only decrypted with second key of that pair and vice versa. From these two keys one key is public key that is shared…

When it comes to password security, we are faced with a serious conundrum. While we want to remember the password, we still need to practice safe security with a good one. The trouble with the easier to remember passwords is that they are highly insecure. What can you do to combat this problem? When you are using uppercase and lowercase letters, symbols and numbers to compensate, you can use what is known as a passpoem to resolve the problem of remembering. As Marjan Ghazvininejad and Kevin…

In this way file is reconstructed back from its shares. The size of each piece is |F| / (n-k), where |F| is size of secret/data, which is smaller than size of each piece produced through algorithm explained in [52]. In this scheme, m-1 shares of file F may provide some information about F. So in this scheme it is advisable to encrypt F before dispersing it and decode it after reconstruction of the encrypted version. One possible attack on the security of the data dispersed among servers would be…