Pretty Good Privacy

Have you ever heard of Spy-Free or Spy-Proof Emails? Most of people do not know well about the importance of privacy in their email and even they realize its importance, they are not sensitive to it. Now, the world’s best-known email providers Yahoo, and Google put in a great deal of effort to encrypted email system. They will introduce a new secure email system in the near future. However, some experts bring up several problems of encrypted mail. Christopher Soghoian, a security and privacy researcher at the American Civil Liberties Union, said “Yahoo and Google are taking early steps to making the technology easier for normal consumers.” It can be interpreted that few users will adopt the technology immediately. This paper explains what PGP encryption is and how it works, merit of PGP security, what makes difficulty of using PGP encryption, and its limitation. What is PGP encryption and how does it work? PGP is an abbreviation for “Pretty Good Privacy.” It is a hybrid encryption since PGP is a combination of some best features of both original and public key cryptography. If you encrypt the plaintext using PGP, it firstly compresses the plaintext and by data compression, modem transmission time and disk space are saved. Also, data compression strengthens cryptographic…

This algorithm takes the security parameter σ as input to create the following parameters: q as a large prime, two groups G_1,G_2 of order q and a bilinear map e ̂:G_1×G_1→ G_2,g is a random generator of G_1, e is random element of Z_q^* and one cryptographic hash Functions H:〖{0,1}〗^*⟶G_1. FilEncrypt: To protect data privacy and undesired accesses, the file collection F should be encrypted before outsourcing them onto remote servers which are not within their trusted domains. To do so, S…

Chapter 1 what is Blockchain? Basically, Blockchain is a system created essentially for the running of cryptocurrencies. Wikipedia defines a cryptocurrency as a digital asset that works as a medium of exchange and uses cryptography to secure all transactions and to control the creation of additional units of the currency. An example of such cryptocurrencies is the bitcoin. In this article, we will understand the following: • Basic meaning of blockchain • What it comprises of • How it…

1.1 Overview Cryptography is the science/practice of “writing in secret” (“crypto”= “secret, “graphy” = “writing”). Cryptographic functions are generally defined as algorithms or protocols, rules that govern how data is processed to turn plaintext (unencrypted data) into cipher text (encrypted data) [1]. Cryptography is a method of storing and transmitting data in a form that only those it is intended for can read and process. It is considered a science of protecting information by…

When it comes to password security, we are faced with a serious conundrum. While we want to remember the password, we still need to practice safe security with a good one. The trouble with the easier to remember passwords is that they are highly insecure. What can you do to combat this problem? When you are using uppercase and lowercase letters, symbols and numbers to compensate, you can use what is known as a passpoem to resolve the problem of remembering. As Marjan Ghazvininejad and Kevin…

In this way file is reconstructed back from its shares. The size of each piece is |F| / (n-k), where |F| is size of secret/data, which is smaller than size of each piece produced through algorithm explained in [52]. In this scheme, m-1 shares of file F may provide some information about F. So in this scheme it is advisable to encrypt F before dispersing it and decode it after reconstruction of the encrypted version. One possible attack on the security of the data dispersed among servers would be…

MD5 is a calculation that is utilized to confirm information trustworthiness through the formation of a 128-piece message process from information input (which might be a message of any length) that is asserted to be as one of a kind to that particular information as a unique mark is to the particular person. Proposed where a vast record must be "compacted" in a safe way before being scrambled with a private key under an open key cryptosystem such as PGP. There are a lot of applications and we…

produce additional false negative results. The techniques that rely on exact matching are: Berman [10], O’Keefe et al. [86], Dusserre et al. [40], Bouzelat et al. [13], Quantin et al. [97][98][99], El Emam et al. [41], and Schadow et al. [107]. Reference strings Protocols relying on embedding strings as vectors based on distances from a set of reference strings or using other methodologies based on reference strings do not have a consistent performance or accuracy measurement. The performance…

The attacker can determine his own plaintext and scramble or sign it. He can precisely create it to learn qualities about the calculation. Case in point he can give an unfilled content, a content which comprises of one "a", two "aa", ... For instance: “if the Vigenère figure is utilized, it is anything but difficult to concentrate the key length and recoup the key by rehashing one letter” (Cryptanalysis and Attacks on Cryptosystems, n.d.). A picked plaintext assault is the same thing aside from…

Security and integrity, as well as the privacy of user data, remain an important aspect of any computing-related business. Considering that all businesses have turned to technology in a bid to enhance efficiency, it is common to face security related issues. Cloud robotics which is one of the algorithmic processes is a good example of what can be attained using algorithms. This paper is bent on focusing on practical differences in which algorithms are used in solving problems (phishing) through…