Platelet

Blood cultures have always been a critical tool in the management of life-threatening conditions like septicemia, enteric fever, infective endocarditis, brucellosis etc. Manual or conventional blood cultures were performed by inoculating large volumes of blood into nutrient broth or biphasic media and repeated subcultures were performed to detect growth. Automated blood culture systems were introduced in early 1970’s. Today there are wide variety of systems available in the market. These have…

Platelets are blood cells that help our body to form clots to stop bleeding. If our blood vessels gets damaged, it sends out signals that are picked up by platelets. The platelets rush to the site of damage and form a plug, or clot, to repair the damage. Adhesion is the process of spreading across the surface of a damaged blood vessel to stop bleeding. When platelets get to the site of the injury, they grow sticky tentacles that help them adhere. Aggregation is the sending out of chemical…

Von Willebrand Disease Von Willebrand disease is the most common bleeding disorder. It occurs when the body makes too little of the von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that helps blood clot, or when the VWF is misshapen and does not work the way it should. VWF is a carrier for another protein, called factor 8, that helps blood clot. When VWF levels are low or when VWF is not working properly, factor 8 levels are low as well and the body is less able to form stable blood clots. There are…

Abstract Introduction A 2-year and 7-month-old girl is undergoing several treatments to attenuate the effects of type 2 Gaucher disease on her health. She has been diagnosed with type 2 Gaucher disease since she was three months old and several symptoms have appeared during that short lap of time. Case presentation In a type 2 Gaucher disease patient, the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase undergoes mutation and is therefore unable to break down glucocerebroside into ceramide and glucose.…

Low Platelets During Pregnancy Having low blood platelets during pregnancy is the second most common type of blood disorder after anaemia. Between 5-8% of women will be diagnosed with a low blood platelet count, or thrombocytopenia, during pregnancy. Very rarely can this be a problem during pregnancy or birth but it is a good idea to be prepared for the potential impact if you are told your platelet levels are low. What Are Platelets? Platelets are plate shaped cells that circulate in…

processes vascular response, platelet response, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. But when haemostasis is not stopped and goes overactive or get activated inappropriately activated can cause thrombosis and few other complications. The first three step in haemostasis is rapid the first step is vascular spasm or vasoconstriction in which the blood vessels constrict to allow less blood to flow and be lost. In the second step, the platelet sticks together to form a platelet plug to cover the break in…

Case study one 1. Principle of APTT: Platelet poor plasma (PPP) is incubated at 37 degrees Celsius then phospholipid (cephalin) and a contact activator (e.g.: Kaolin, ellagic acid) are added followed by calcium (all pre-warmed to 37 degrees Celsius). Addition of calcium initiates clotting and timing begins. The APTT measures the time required to regenerate thrombin and fibrin polymers via the intrinsic and common pathways. Reagents:  Platelet poor plasma (PPP)  Surface activator: example;…

Enhancing Drugs - Erythropoietin (2016), EPO manages the creation of red platelets in bone marrow and is a normally happening hormone delivered by cells in the kidneys; EPO is discharged from the kidney cells when the oxygen content in blood is low as theses kidney cells are delicate to low blood oxygen content; Moreover, to expand the oxygen conveying limit of the blood, EPO invigorates the bone marrow to deliver more red platelets. Dr Caillaud asserts that the blood itself is…

PART 2 Article 1: Researchers disguise drugs as platelets to target cancer 1) Describe the structure of the nanoparticle, including what it is composed of and what it contains inside and possesses on the outside. Inside there is a synthetic core nanogel. On the outside it possesses a platelet membrane shell. The TRAIL is attached on the surface of membrane and Dox is loaded in the core of nanogel. ( Hu, 2015 para. 1) 2) Explain the mechanism of how the nanoparticle system delivers the drug to…

have been used but none have been fully standardized or fully agreed upon to measure clopidogrel responsiveness [52]. As discussed above platelet function tests are expensive ,time consuming and complicated , however this relatively simple and readily available test; measurement of MPV by automated cell counter, has been accepted as a surrogate marker of platelet function [10]. In the few existing literature about correlation of MPV levels and clopidogrel resistance, Asher et…