Coagulation

“Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening acquired pathologic process in which the clotting system is abnormally activated, resulting in widespread clot formation in the small vessels throughout the body. The pathophysiology is excess thrombin is generated, followed by deposition of fibrin strands in the body tissues.” (Ball, 2012) “The circulating fibrin fragments later begin to interfere with platelet aggregation and other aspects of the clotting mechanism, resulting in bleeding or hemorrhage.” (Lewis, 2014). DIC can be acute or chronic, most people think it’s only acute. Signs and symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation depend whether it’s acute or chronic. Acute DIC develops quickly and is very life…

Haemostasis is the ability to stop the flow of blood in an event of external injury or a breach in a reasonably sized vessel within minutes without affecting the rest of blood flow in the body. The haemostasis consists of four main processes vascular response, platelet response, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. But when haemostasis is not stopped and goes overactive or get activated inappropriately activated can cause thrombosis and few other complications. The first three step in haemostasis is…

receive a diagnosis on whether they have hemophilia A or B and if that hemophilia is mild, moderate or severe. This is an important step in management because there are types of hemophilia that are treated differently. Those with hemophilia A are distinguished by the insufficient amount of factor VIII (FVIII), while those with hemophilia B lack sufficient amounts of factor IX (FIX) (Anderson et al. 2013). There are a few methodologies that are used to treat the various types of hemophilia, but…

prolonged bleeding. These individuals are diagnosed before they are five or six years old. However, they also may not be diagnosed until later in life. Hemophilia is caused by a defect in one of the genes that determine how the body makes blood clotting factor VIII or IX. Hemophilia A is caused by mutations in the FVIII which allows for proteins called coagulation factor VIII. While hemophilia B are from mutations in FIX that produces coagulation factor IX. Coagulation factors are proteins that…

trauma (multiple falls), and recent major livery surgery (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1048-1050). Patients who are in their advanced ages are at risk in developing a VTE due to slower blood flow in their veins (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1048). Additionally, malignancy, trauma and post-operative state are examples of secondary or acquired hypercoagulability, which places individuals at risk for forming a VTE (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1049-1050). Moreover, one of Mrs. X’s surgeries was an extended…

thrombus can form when there is damage in the lining of a blood vessel, either in an artery or a vein (MedicineNet, 2015). In addition, clots occur when the blood stops circulating, becomes idle, or in diseases that result in abnormal blood clotting. There are times when a thrombus will form when it is not needed and can potentially lead to significant consequences. Damages can be greatly obvious, but at times other times, they are difficult to detect. Poor clotting with a minor injury to a…

PTT assesses intrinsic and common pathway of coagulation. Prothrombin time ( PT) measures the time needed for plasma to form a clot in the presence of tissue factor. PT evaluates extrinsic and common pathway of coagulation (Zehnder, 2017). In Hemophilia, the deficient factors are related to the intrinsic cascade of coagulation, therefore PTT is prolonged and abnormal. b. In which gender is this disorder common and why? • This disorder is common in male since it is sex (X) linked recessive…

and B. Hemophilia A is caused by a mutation in the F8 gene and hemophilia B is caused by a mutation in the F9 gene [7]. Mutations in both genes cause abnormal production of two proteins, coagulation factor VIII (Hemophilia A) or factor IX (Hemophilia B). Both coagulation factors, along with other factors, are responsible for forming blood clots after an injury. Coagulation factor VIII and IX are produced in inactive forms in the liver [8]. Factor VIII is activated when it binds to another blood…

One in every five thousand males are born each year with a genetic condition called hemophilia. Hemophilia is a blood disorder that can cause severe bleeding both internally and externally due to having little to no clotting factor. In rare cases, hemophilia can occur in females or even be obtained. Hemophilia exists in two forms – hemophilia A and hemophilia B. Hemophilia A and B are caused by a defect in the genes F8 and F9, respectively. The F8 gene is responsible for making a specific…

2.9.2.1. Coagulation Inhibitors Protein C plays crucial role in controlling anticoagulation and is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease (zymogen). Protein S (a vitamin K- dependent glycoprotein) acts as a cofactor for APC (activated protein C) [133]. Protein C and S slow the coagulation cascade with inactivating coagulation factors such as factor Va and VIIIa. Protein C and protein S are division of a feedback control mechanism, in which excess thrombin production causes protein C…