Haemostasis is the ability to stop the flow of blood in an event of external injury or a breach in a reasonably sized vessel within minutes without affecting the rest of blood flow in the body. The haemostasis consists of four main processes vascular response, platelet response, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. But when haemostasis is not stopped and goes overactive or get activated inappropriately activated can cause thrombosis and few other complications. The first three step in haemostasis is rapid the first step is vascular spasm or vasoconstriction in which the blood vessels constrict to allow less blood to flow and be lost. In the second step, the platelet sticks together to form a platelet plug to cover the break in the vessel.…
2.9.2.1. Coagulation Inhibitors Protein C plays crucial role in controlling anticoagulation and is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease (zymogen). Protein S (a vitamin K- dependent glycoprotein) acts as a cofactor for APC (activated protein C) [133]. Protein C and S slow the coagulation cascade with inactivating coagulation factors such as factor Va and VIIIa. Protein C and protein S are division of a feedback control mechanism, in which excess thrombin production causes protein C…
trauma (multiple falls), and recent major livery surgery (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1048-1050). Patients who are in their advanced ages are at risk in developing a VTE due to slower blood flow in their veins (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1048). Additionally, malignancy, trauma and post-operative state are examples of secondary or acquired hypercoagulability, which places individuals at risk for forming a VTE (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1049-1050). Moreover, one of Mrs. X’s surgeries was an extended…
thrombus can form when there is damage in the lining of a blood vessel, either in an artery or a vein (MedicineNet, 2015). In addition, clots occur when the blood stops circulating, becomes idle, or in diseases that result in abnormal blood clotting. There are times when a thrombus will form when it is not needed and can potentially lead to significant consequences. Damages can be greatly obvious, but at times other times, they are difficult to detect. Poor clotting with a minor injury to a…
Thesis and Description- Hemophilia is a hereditary disease where the body lacks certain blood clotting factors because of a defective gene. (worldbookonline.com) A hemophiliac’s blood lacks the active form of one of these factors.(worldbookonline.com) People with this disease experience excessive, or even fatal bleeding. (galegroup.com) Number of people affected – It is estimated that 10,000 people are born with this disease. It is a lifelong and chronic illness. (google.com) Life Expectancy- as…
makes it a higher risk for early deficiency bleeding also making it more severe. Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding in 2-12 weeks after birth occurs in 1 in 14,000 infants. 30%-60% of these infants have bleeding within the brain and tend to occur in breastfed only babies who have not received the vitamin K shot. All pregnant women should be required to give their newborn the vitamin k shot if they plan to breast feed. What is Vitamin K? Vitamin K is a substance that our body needs to clot…
surgery the body attempts to heal damaged tissue to stop the bleeding and close the wound. Blood cells and clotting factors work together to create a protective scab over the surgical incision. This occurrence is known as the clotting process. According to Greengard, the surgical procedure may stimulate clots to form in error in blood vessels, which may block the normal flow of the blood (Greengard, 2015). Vessel damage caused by the surgery also contributes to DVT formation. Obesity contributes…
like in the cases previously presented the minor cases described bleeding from minor cuts, scrapes, brushing your teeth is all magnified 100 times more versus a regular individual. Hemophilia is a “rare bleeding disorder which means it’s an inherited disease, but also you can get it from another source described later. Hemophilia is defined by a “deficiency or absence of one of the 20 blood proteins that helps our blood clot” (Foundation, 2011). Individuals with hemophilia are unable to form…
Budget Justification Personnel Vijaya M. Lella (also known as L. Vijaya Mohan Rao), Ph.D. Principal Investigator, 3.6 calendar months effort and salary. The P.I. will devote 30% of his effort on the proposed grant. He will assume overall responsibility for the proposed project, which includes supervision of all personnel involved in the project, planning, the design of experimental approaches, the close review of the data, data analysis & interpretation, preparation of manuscripts, and decisions…
SIMULATION CROSS BETWEEN A HETEROZYGOUS FEMALE AND A HEMOPHILIA MALE BACKGROUND INFORMATION The survival of the human species throughout the last millions of years has been solely based on the randomized process of genetic inheritance from one generation to the next generation. Instead of duplicating their genetic information and create identical offspring, humans produce sex cells, through the process of meiosis, that carry only half of the genetic information, and fertilize them in order to…