Coagulation system

Hemophilia A, B, and C. Hemophilia A and B are the most common types. In the past hemophilia affected life expectancy but currently with improved treatment, individuals with hemophilia will have a normal life span. . There are several harmful effects on the body because of hemophilia. Bleeding can occur in muscles and can cause limbs to swell which may lead to numbness or pain. Internal bleeding can also put pressure on joints which causes severe pain. If left untreated, the frequent bleeding can cause permanent damage to the joint. People with hemophilia are at a higher risk of infection through blood because of their likeliness of blood transfusions. Occasionally, effected individual’s immune system can have a negative reaction to the clotting factors. When this happens. The immune system creates proteins (inhibitors) reduce the effectiveness of the treatment. When affected with hemophilia, people may struggle with some activity. Extremely physical activities are not recommended because the patient can easily injure themselves. People’s lives may be impacted by hemophilia because they have to be constantly aware of what is around them. Since hemophilia can mean prolonged bleeding, infected individuals have to make sure that they cannot get injured. This can be a really big liability in their lives. With careful management and correct treatment hemophilia should not impact daily life. The symptoms for hemophilia will vary depending on the severity. The main symptoms of…

Introduction Originating from the Greek words ‘haima’, meaning blood, and ‘philia’, meaning friend, hemophilia is a medical condition in which the individual lacks a certain clotting factor which prevents bleeding as a result of injury. In order of rarity from most to least, it features type A, B and C hemophilia and various severity levels. Type A hemophilia consists of 90% of cases, in which the individual lacks clotting factor VIII and 70% of patients have a severe level of hemophilia.…

Question 1 The risk factors that predisposes Mrs. X to develop a venous thromboembolism (VTE) are: advanced age, malignancy (cholangiocarcinoma), trauma (multiple falls), and recent major livery surgery (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1048-1050). Patients who are in their advanced ages are at risk in developing a VTE due to slower blood flow in their veins (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1048). Additionally, malignancy, trauma and post-operative state are examples of secondary or acquired…

and B. Hemophilia A is caused by a mutation in the F8 gene and hemophilia B is caused by a mutation in the F9 gene [7]. Mutations in both genes cause abnormal production of two proteins, coagulation factor VIII (Hemophilia A) or factor IX (Hemophilia B). Both coagulation factors, along with other factors, are responsible for forming blood clots after an injury. Coagulation factor VIII and IX are produced in inactive forms in the liver [8]. Factor VIII is activated when it binds to another blood…

receive a diagnosis on whether they have hemophilia A or B and if that hemophilia is mild, moderate or severe. This is an important step in management because there are types of hemophilia that are treated differently. Those with hemophilia A are distinguished by the insufficient amount of factor VIII (FVIII), while those with hemophilia B lack sufficient amounts of factor IX (FIX) (Anderson et al. 2013). There are a few methodologies that are used to treat the various types of hemophilia, but…

One in every five thousand males are born each year with a genetic condition called hemophilia. Hemophilia is a blood disorder that can cause severe bleeding both internally and externally due to having little to no clotting factor. In rare cases, hemophilia can occur in females or even be obtained. Hemophilia exists in two forms – hemophilia A and hemophilia B. Hemophilia A and B are caused by a defect in the genes F8 and F9, respectively. The F8 gene is responsible for making a specific…

The thrombocytes that have undergone the process of degranulation also release Adenosine diphosphate, a substance that promotes more thrombocytes to adhere to each other. The aggregation of these thrombocytes forms a temporary ‘plug’ and, on average, takes around 6 minutes to develop after the damage occurs (Waugh and Grant, 2014). Sometimes, this stage is enough to prevent further bleeding, however, in Rosemary’s case; her bleeding didn’t stop for a while. Therefore we know coagulation had to…

“Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening acquired pathologic process in which the clotting system is abnormally activated, resulting in widespread clot formation in the small vessels throughout the body. The pathophysiology is excess thrombin is generated, followed by deposition of fibrin strands in the body tissues.” (Ball, 2012) “The circulating fibrin fragments later begin to interfere with platelet aggregation and other aspects of the clotting mechanism, resulting…

thrombus can form when there is damage in the lining of a blood vessel, either in an artery or a vein (MedicineNet, 2015). In addition, clots occur when the blood stops circulating, becomes idle, or in diseases that result in abnormal blood clotting. There are times when a thrombus will form when it is not needed and can potentially lead to significant consequences. Damages can be greatly obvious, but at times other times, they are difficult to detect. Poor clotting with a minor injury to a…

malignancy, pregnancy, and the use of contraceptive pills. Certain genetic abnormalities such as V leiden mutation, deficiency of protein S, deficiency of protein C, homocysteine deficiency, deficiency of antithrombin, and prothrombin mutations have been linked to development of DVT. The primary etiology of DVT is accumulation of platelets and clotting factors leading to the formation of thrombus in the veins primarily in the lower extremities. Thrombus in the veins causes inflammation that…