Participant observation

beneficial to collect as many types of data this can be interviews, surveys or observation. By utilizing several types of methods and looking from different directions, this process is known as triangulating, which creates a balance of the phenomenon (Brighton & Moon, 2007). In the article Action Research: Methods of Collecting Data, by Andrew Johnson, PhD (2012) states that data can be in forms of information, observation, facts that can be…

Chapter 10 Qualitative Field Research I. Introduction a. Field research incolves the direct observation of social phenomena in their natural settings i. Typical field research is qualitative that quantitative b. In field research, observation, data processing, and analysis are interwoven cyclical processes II. Topics Appropriate for Field Research a. Field research is appropriate for topics that are not easily quantifiable, that change over time and a best observed in their natural settings i.…

The data difference between creaky voice and non-creaky voice was not as monumental as I had previously hypothesized. There is evidence to suggest that there was something wrong with the voice that had no creak in it as well. In fact, the participants rated the creaky voice speaker fairly high in terms of friendliness, and as mentioned by Yuasa, creaky voice can be used to express positive-politeness that connects two speakers together (Yuasa, 2010, p. 320). Perhaps small creaks in one’s voice…

that lead to the lack of communication that was applied during the consultation phase of implementing a new 8 week delivery format. For research purposes we decided to deviate from our original proposed primary research methods that were to use observation and interview to gather the data. Instead we decided to use action research and in particular, appreciative inquiry, focus group and grounded research. The reason being is that we thought these methods would be better suited to the problem…

oneself in the ways of ethnographic research, one must carefully observe those you are studying. As stated in the article ethnography is conceived as, “a way of seeing” (Sperschneider & Bagger, 2003, p. 42). It is important to grasp both roles of the participant and the observer to develop a sense of rapport long-term. The article provides an experimental design with similarities to ethnographic fieldwork. Offered in the forms which the designer must seek to create a future practice from a…

Subjects The participants we used for our study were Sacramento State University students, we chose 32 participants. We chose individuals who got on buses which stopped at State University Drive, we did not count individuals who were getting off buses. The participants were not chosen based on age nor gender. We assigned subjects to each condition based on whether they had a smartphone in hand or not. Materials For this observational study one of the observants used an iPhone…

carefully addressed in each type of research method be it a questionnaire or a survey, an interview, an observation or a focus group, issues that must be considered every step of the way. A researcher must familiarise themselves with the REB and make sure that any research involving contact with humans or bio materials that is not categorized as public information, secondary research or observation of a public place requires the approval of the REB. Establishing an ethical research that takes…

consisted of ninety-six preschool aged children with disabilities attending a community based preschool program in New York State. Seventy-one percent of these students were male and eighty-seven percent of them were Caucasian. The average age of a participant was forty-seven months. (Rafferty, Piscitelli, Boettcher 2003). Seventy-one percent of these students were enrolled in an inclusive program while the remaining twenty-nine percent were enrolled in self-contained settings. In the inclusive…

Gender differences in illegal crossing: Are men more likely to take bigger risks than woman? Introduction Road crossing behaviour in areas where drivers don’t expect pedestrians to cross the street is a calculated risk taken by many people in an attempt to avoid walking a long distance or in order to get to their destination quickly. However, this unsafe behavior of people crossing a street where laws do not permit can lead to severe consequences. For example, in Romania in 2009 in terms of…

The main outcome of the study that researchers were concerned with was the duration of joint engagement. The JASPER group, when compared to the PEI group, showed a significant increase in length of time the child participants spent jointly engaged with parents. For initiating joint attention and number of symbolic play types, no major progressions or increase in data for either group occurred. For the number of functional play types, data showed that the JASPER group…