Neurodegeneration

inside the cells to take control of most of the major and minor cellular pathways (Nakayama and Nakayama, 2006). Roles of E3 ligases have been recognized in creation, fostering, as well as in destroying the components of the cells. Creation stands for the roles played by E3s in developmental processes, including, cell division, stem cell differentiation and organogenesis etc. (Nakayama and Nakayama, 2006; Stegmuller and Bonni, 2010; Yokomizo and Dzierzak, 2008). Fostering responsibilities…

Unit 7 Written Assignment Question 1: Based on this video, describe the symptoms of the SCA1 disease. The symptoms I understood includes; 1. Balance and coordination problems 2. Swallowing- choking on their food, which leads to death 3. Difficulty with breathing, breathing disordered 4. Secondary infection 5. Having speech difficulties SCA1 is a familial disease as indicated by the pedigree analysis chart shown on the video and in the image below Question 2: Explain how to read the chart by…

Huntington Disease (HD), also known as Huntington’s Disease or Huntington’s Chorea, is a hereditary genetic disorder that results in the death of brain cells causing neuropsychiatric changes, choreiform movements and cognitive disturbances [1]. The most common form of HD is called adult-onset Huntington disease which normally develops around the ages of 30 to 50 [2,3]. A less common form of HD is known as Juvenile Huntington Disease (JHD) which usually develops in childhood or adolescence.…

Reagan’s speech characteristics changed and can be associated with the neurological structures such as the myelination of the neurons as well as specific genes and the thickness of the surrounding cells of the neuron. A Study done on molecular neurodegeneration states, “Finally, we document that the loss of BIN1 significantly correlates with the extent of demyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions” (De Rossi et al, 2016). The study provides information…

1. Neurogenesis and memory 1.1. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus The hippocampus is a brain region that responsible for learning, memory and mood. One of the important reasons for memory and mood dysfunction is the dentate gyrus (DG) reduction [12, 13]. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of neural progenitor cells generated neurons and glia in adulthood and during adulthood [14]. Neurogenesis also have a role in mood regulation; the dorsal hippocampus is an…

I is a great tool for medical imaging and widely used for MS, but it has some limitations in lacking specificity and MRI not capturing diffuse white matter pathology 1. New emerging techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for monitoring visual impairment by MS have the potential to address issues not resolved by current MRI techniques. TMS is a new method not widely used yet, but suitable to detect the conditions affecting MS patients.…

the brain regulating neuronal excitability throughout the body. Generally, the glutamate tries to form a connection provoking a reaction that is excitatory and is later appeased by the GABA. Overstimulation of the glutamate receptors induces neurodegeneration i.e. death of neurons and could also be responsible for neuronal damage through a process called excitotoxicity. Hence, it is very crucial for both the glutamate and GABA inhibitors to balance each other. Recent reviews embroil…

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that turns the immune system against the body’s own brain and spinal cord which results in disconnect throughout the body. MS is one condition that shows promise of the medical implication of cannabis to treat neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and overall protection of the central nervous system from demyelination of neurons (Baker, D., Jackson, S. J., & Pryce, G., 2007). As stated by Zajicek and Apostu, “Other prevalent symptoms include muscle stiffness…

few different theories as to how neurodegeneration occurs such as due to the lack of an effective NER pathway the mutations in “DNA can have effects on post-mitotic neurons and cause severe CNS symptoms” (4) and “It is most likely that there are some forms of oxidative damage for which NER is also the repair pathway, just as there are likely to be other forms where resolution will involve DNA strand break repair” (9). However the exact process of how neurodegeneration occurs is still unknown.…

Parkinson’s disease is a medical condition in which movement of the body is affected by an irregularity of the nervous system. The most common symptom that emerges for victims of this disease is tremors as well as stiffness or slowing of movement. Environmental triggers (such as exposure to toxins), genetic mutations, and the increase of age are all factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Although Parkinson’s disease is incurable, treatment can ease the symptoms. Treatments…