Neurodegeneration

Brown University researchers studying the biology of aging demonstrated a new strategy for stimulating autophagy - the process by which cells rebuild themselves by recycling their own worn-out parts. The process of autophagy involves rounding up misfolded proteins and obsolete organelles within a cell into vesicles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome, which breaks down the cellular macromolecules and converts them into components the cell can re-use. Louis…

Question 1: Based on this video, describe the symptoms of the SCA1 disease. The SCA1 patients usually presents symptoms such as: * Loss of balance and coordination *They miss the movement target *It gets hard for them to walk, so they have to use wheelchairs *They loss the talking skill * Problems with food, so they frequently get shock because they have lack of movement control *Breathing problems, which is the mean symtoms that causes them death. Question 2: Explain how to read the chart by…

Huntington’s disease is a continuous brain disorder that is the source of involuntary motion, emotional and mental instability as well as cognition damage. It is an inherited disorder relatively common in adults aged thirty to forty. People of European decent typically have a higher chance of being born with the gene that causes HD, while those of Asian and African background have a lower probability. For HD to be developed only one copy of the mutated huntingtin (HTT) gene must be inherited.…

This essay will consider the evidence for and against this statement, with evidence from the module books and Multimedia map to support or refute the statement. Four mental health conditions Depression, Anxiety, Dementia and Addiction will be considered from this biological approach alongside evidence for other viewpoints. Evidence to support or refute this statement will be collected and then in the concluding paragraph all the arguments and evidence will be summed up. Depression is mainly…

Its 2013 and the US is in the middle of its annual football season. The Browns were playing the Denver Broncos, and wide-receiver Josh Cribbs is on the field. He caught a sixty yard catch and was blindsided by the opposing defense. Josh was on the ground hazed and unable to move. After approximately thirty seconds, he got up and was gestured to move to the sidelines. On the sidelines, he was asked if he knew who the opposing team was. Cribbs had no idea and no answer for the trainers. After a…

dehydrogenase (BCKAD) complex, which catalyses the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine. Accumulation of these three amino acids and the buildup of ketoacids leads to encephalopathy and progressive neurodegeneration in an affected…

During the last years of the twentieth century, the United Nations declared "Decade of the brain", and at the beginning of the XXI century theoretical understanding of the pathogenesis of affective disorders and mechanisms of therapeutic action of antidepressant drugs has undergone a significant evolution. This was due to the rapid development of ultramicroscopic, neurophysiological, neyrogistohimicheskih and molecular-genetic methods of studying the structure and in vitro brain functions (in…

commonly accepted theory about aging is that the decaying of mitochondria is the driving force of aging. There is no evidence as to why the mitochondria decay. But, there have been connections to the decay of mitochondria and heart failure, neurodegeneration, and lack of energy. Recent experiments and research show that it isn’t completely out of reach to slow or even reverse mitochondrial decay. These anti-decay supplements would consist of ingredients that would “increase the cellular levels…

3 Two important molecular features of motor neurons have been recognized as contributes to the vulnerability of neurodegeneration. The low expression of calcium binding proteins and the low expression of the GluR2 AMPA receptor subunit by weak motor neuron groups makes them highly susceptible to calcium-mediated toxic events following glutamate receptor activation. 2 As…

Truant Mail The first I ever heard about the University of Alabama’s Neuroscience program was from a letter a woman I barely knew claimed was mine. This letter (Sent after a 2012 Big 10 Expo) had fallen into the wrong hands, thanks to the mailman and had travelled great distances from mailbox F to mailbox G. Serendipity I thought, after warily accepting my truant mail (lest it was another bill), as said letter offered a unique program tailored to fit my interests before my search for graduate…