Neurodegeneration

Background Considerable biologic evidence supports the importance of estrogen to cognitive function. Some studies have investigated the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to reduce the risk of developing dementia. However, data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and the WHI Memory Study (WHIMS) do not support these observations, and suggest that estrogen replacement does not protect against dementia and may increase the risk. This topic is controversial and now discussed. Our study…

TDP-43 is disposed through a process which involves ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). When there is a disturbance in this process it is suggested that it might be the cause increased levels of ubiquitinated TDP-43 within the cell in turn leading neurodegeneration (Lee et al. 2012). Another study described by T.F. Gendron et al. showed that inhibiting autophagic degradation, led to an increase in ubiquitin-positive TDP-43 aggregates with a decrease of nuclear TDP-43 (2010). This suggest that…

Article Summary In the article by Ezzati, Zimmerman, Mindy, Katz Sundermann, Smith, Lipton and Lipton (2014), the goal was to look at the relationship between pain and hippocampal volumes in older cognitively intact adults. Specifically, this study was looking at differences in volume in subparts of the hippocampus as related to pain. This study looked at 86 adults over the age of 70 with a mean age of 80.2 years. Additionally, 53.8% were women, and 54.7% were white, and the sample had a mean…

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, more formally known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a neurodegenerative disease, causing the selective degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, as well as those in the motor cortex portion of the brain, which ultimately leads to the limited to complete loss of all voluntary muscle function. Now while the main pathology of ALS is the selective death of the previously mentioned motor neurons, more recent studies have suggested that the homeostatic…

1.2 The areas of the brain that are affected by dementia are the frontal lobe, this is the section of the brain that controls our behaviour,movement, personality and our surroundings The parietal Lobe controls the language we use,recognition of places and people. Our occipital Lobe controls our eyesight and our ability to see, there is also the temporal lobe, that controls our speech , hearing and memory 1.3 Dementia often share the same symptoms as a person who is suffering from…

either locate on the plasma membrane or inside the cell on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) / sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (1,2). Disturbance of calcium homeostasis is implicated in the normal process of aging and the brain pathology prevalent in many neurodegeneration diseases and neurotoxicity.…

Calpain has been shown as a very prevalent protein found in a variety of organisms. There are a variety of different calpain proteins that have been discovered, each serving a different function [4]. Recent studies have indicated a correlation between the amount of calpain present and the loss of visual function due to various ocular degenerative diseases [2]. This study will be focusing on the adverse effects of calpain on the retina of mice, and how they differ from the norm. The eye is one of…

First and foremost, it seems as though the section regarding neurodegeneration most accurately reflects Gooden’s beliefs regarding his own dependence. He describes his inability to make and follow through on decisions, saying, “Once you start it it’s – you’re done,” as though he has no choice; and, soon after that statement…

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease and cancer are known to be very serious disorders that can cause death especially in the elderly. The prevalence of cancer is dramatically increased with age, and in contrast, Alzheimer’s disease is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder. Cancer is defined as a disease whereby a collection of abnormal cells divides uncontrollably by ignoring the normal principles of cell division (Hejmadi, 2010). There is known to be more than 200 types of cancers and its…

diseases (NDs) is the neurofibrillary and synaptic degeneration that initiates the pathological deregulation of the brain’s chemo-electrical signaling and disruption of healthy neurotransmission. This toxic environment can cause irreversible neurodegeneration that inevitably results in dementia [45,…